ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2013
Inactivation of pathogens in feces by desiccation and urea treatment for application in urine-diverting dry toilets.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Estimation of alkali dosage and contact time for treating human excreta containing viruses as an emergency response: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Faecal Pathogen Survival and Risks of Use of Ecological Sanitation By-Products in Burera District, Rwanda: A Quantitative Microbial Risks Assessment.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Kinetic Modelling of the Decay of Respiratory Syncytial Viruses (RSV) Facilitated a Robust Wastewater-Based Surveillance for RSV.Food and environmental virology · 2026Article
- An environmental evaluation of urine-diverting dry toilets in Hiloweyn Camp, Dollo Ado, Ethiopia.The Science of the total environment · 2024Article
- From-Toilet-to-Freezer: A Review on Requirements for an Automatic Protocol to Collect and Store Human Fecal Samples for Research Purposes.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Enterobacteria Survival, Percolation, and Leaching on Soil Fertilized with Swine Manure.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of pathogen reduction in onsite sanitation systems.Water research X · 2023Review
- Characterization of the Lytic Phage Flora With a Broad Host Range Against Multidrug-ResistantFrontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Factors Associated With Utilization of Ecological Sanitation Technology in Burera District, Rwanda: A Mixed Methods Research.Environmental health insights · 2022Article
- Article
- Inactivation of pathogens in ecological sanitation latrines in Malawi: An observational follow up study.Malawi medical journal : the journal of Medical Association of Malawi · 2019Observational
- Review of global sanitation development.Environment international · 2018Review
- Fate of Fecal Indicators in Resource-Oriented Sanitation Systems Using Nitrifying Bio-Treatment.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Virus inactivation in stored human urine, sludge and animal manure under typical conditions of storage or mesophilic anaerobic digestion.Environmental science : water research & technology · 2017Article
- Different Behavior of Enteric Bacteria and Viruses in Clay and Sandy Soils after Biofertilization with Swine Digestate.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Ammonia as an In Situ Sanitizer: Influence of Virus Genome Type on Inactivation.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2016Article
- Management of sewage sludge by composting using fermented water hyacinth.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2015Article
- Ascaris and Escherichia coli Inactivation in an Ecological Sanitation System in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.PloS one · 2015Article
- Association between moderate-to-severe diarrhea in young children in the global enteric multicenter study (GEMS) and types of handwashing materials used by caretakers in Mirzapur, Bangladesh.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ecological sanitation technologies can be effective in providing health and environmental pollution control if they can efficiently reduce the pathogenicity of microorganisms carried in fecal material to safe levels. This study evaluated the sanitizing effects of different additives for dry treatment of feces from urine-diverting dry toilets, based on inactivation of Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, bacteriophages MS2 and ΦX, and Ascaris suum. The additives, ash (A) and oyster shell (O) in different amounts and urea (U) to optimize the process, were compared with no additive, solely urea, and sawdust as controls (C) and were covered ([x%O:A]) or uncovered (x%O:A). The main inactivation factors found were desiccation, ammonia content, and pH. S. Typhimurium and E. faecalis were more affected by the ammonia content. A combination of neutral to high pH and desiccation was most effective for inactivation of MS2, and desiccation was most effective for inactivation of ΦX and A. suum. The inactivation rate was modeled for all combinations studied. The most promising treatments were [150%O:A+U], 150%O:A+U, and 150%O:A. According to the models, these could inactivate, for example, 7 log(10) units of all bacteria and bacteriophages within 83, 125, and 183 days, respectively. The inactivation of A. suum was modeled, albeit the measured decay in egg viability was low.
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Registered trials
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