ArticleToxicologic pathology2013
Mechanistic insights from the NTP studies of chromium.
Article in Toxicologic pathology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heavy metals: toxicity and human health effects.Archives of toxicology · 2025Review
- Hexavalent chromium inhibits myogenic differentiation and induces myotube atrophy.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2023Article
- Coenzyme Q10, Biochanin A and Phloretin Attenuate Cr(VI)-Induced Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage by Stimulating Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway in the Experimental Model.Biological trace element research · 2023Article
- Inferred inactivation of the Cftr gene in the duodena of mice exposed to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in drinking water supports its tumor-suppressor status and implies its potential role in Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis of the small intestines.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2021Article
- p62 functions as a signal hub in metal carcinogenesis.Seminars in cancer biology · 2021Review
- A series of LnRSC advances · 2018Article
- Integration of mechanistic and pharmacokinetic information to derive oral reference dose and margin-of-exposure values for hexavalent chromium.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2018Article
- Assessment of immunotoxicity in female Fischer 344/N and Sprague Dawley rats and female BJournal of immunotoxicology · 2017Article
- Evaluating the Impact of the U.S. National Toxicology Program: A Case Study on Hexavalent Chromium.Environmental health perspectives · 2017Article
- Oral Chromium Exposure and Toxicity.Current environmental health reports · 2015Review
- Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of vitamin KEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a contaminant of water and soil and is a human lung carcinogen. Trivalent chromium (Cr(III)), a proposed essential element, is ingested by humans in the diet and in dietary supplements such as chromium picolinate (CP). The National Toxicology Program (NTP) demonstrated that Cr(VI) is also carcinogenic in rodents when administered in drinking water as sodium dichromate dihydrate (SDD), inducing neoplasms of the oral cavity and small intestine in rats and mice, respectively. In contrast, there was no definitive evidence of toxicity or carcinogenicity following exposure to Cr(III) administered in feed as CP monohydrate (CPM). Cr(VI) readily enters cells via nonspecific anion channels, in contrast to Cr(III), which cannot easily pass through the cell membrane. Extracellular reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), which occurs primarily in the stomach, is considered a mechanism of detoxification, while intracellular reduction is thought to be a mechanism of genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Tissue distribution studies in additional groups of male rats and female mice demonstrated higher Cr concentrations in tissues following exposure to Cr(VI) compared to controls and Cr(III) exposure at a similar external dose, indicating that some of the Cr(VI) escaped gastric reduction and was distributed systemically. The multiple potential pathways of Cr-induced genotoxicity will be discussed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.