ArticleJournal of neuropathology and experimental neurology2013
Submandibular gland biopsy for the diagnosis of Parkinson disease.
Article in Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04264273 (Intra Vitam Diagnosis of Parkinson´s Disease by Means of Submandibular Gland Needle Biopsy), which is not on this map. Cited by 53 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Intra Vitam Diagnosis of Parkinson´s Disease by Means of Submandibular Gland Needle Biopsy
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain-Only Versus GI-Only Synucleinopathy: A Comprehensive Autopsy Study With Both IHC and SAA.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- A validated workflow for paired total and small RNA sequencing from low-input submandibular gland biopsy specimens inFrontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Ferroptosis in Parkinson's disease: a review of molecular mechanisms and emerging therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Review
- Current insights and assumptions on α-synuclein in Lewy body disease.Acta neuropathologica · 2024Review
- Symmetry of synuclein density in autopsied Parkinson's disease submandibular glands.Neuroscience letters · 2024Article
- Prevalence of Concomitant Pathologies in Parkinson's Disease: Implications for Prognosis, Diagnosis, and Insights into Common Pathogenic Mechanisms.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2024Review
- Combined measure of salivary alpha-synuclein species as diagnostic biomarker for Parkinson's disease.Journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Alpha-Synuclein in Peripheral Tissues as a Possible Marker for Neurological Diseases and Other Medical Conditions.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Salivary Gland Uptake onKorean journal of radiology · 2023Article
- Lack of significant Lewy pathology in 237 essential tremor brains.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2023Article
- Diagnostic and therapeutic agents that target alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neurology · 2022Review
- Article
- Clinical Diagnostic Accuracy of Early/Advanced Parkinson Disease: An Updated Clinicopathologic Study.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2021Article
- Proteomic Profile of Saliva in Parkinson's Disease Patients: A Proof of Concept Study.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Native α-Synuclein, 3-Nitrotyrosine Proteins, and Patterns of Nitro-α-Synuclein-Immunoreactive Inclusions in Saliva and Submandibulary Gland in Parkinson's Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Alpha-Synuclein as a Biomarker of Parkinson's Disease: Good, but Not Good Enough.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Review
- Modulation of the Interactions Between α-Synuclein and Lipid Membranes by Post-translational Modifications.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Review
- Vagus Nerve and Stomach Synucleinopathy in Parkinson's Disease, Incidental Lewy Body Disease, and Normal Elderly Subjects: Evidence Against the "Body-First" Hypothesis.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2021Article
- Blinded RT-QuIC Analysis of α-Synuclein Biomarker in Skin Tissue From Parkinson's Disease Patients.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The clinical diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) is incorrect in 30% or more of subjects particularly at the time of symptom onset. Because Lewy-type α-synucleinopathy is present in the submandibular glands of PD patients, we assessed the feasibility of submandibular gland biopsy for diagnosing PD. We performed immunohistochemical staining for Lewy-type α-synucleinopathy in sections of large segments (simulating open biopsy) and needle cores of submandibular glands from 128 autopsied and neuropathologically classified subjects, including 28 PD, 5 incidental Lewy body disease, 5 progressive supranuclear palsy (3 with concurrent PD), 3 corticobasal degeneration, 2 multiple system atrophy, 22 Alzheimer disease with Lewy bodies, 16 Alzheimer disease without Lewy bodies, and 50 normal elderly. Immunoreactive nerve fibers were present in large submandibular gland sections of all 28 PD subjects (including 3 that also had progressive supranuclear palsy); 3 Alzheimer disease with Lewy bodies subjects were also positive, but none of the other subjects were positive. Cores from frozen submandibular glands taken with 18-gauge needles (total length, 15-38 mm; between 10 and 118 sections per subject examined) were positive for Lewy-type α-synucleinopathy in 17 of 19 PD patients. These results suggest that biopsy of the submandibular gland may be a feasible means of improving PD clinical diagnostic accuracy. This would be particularly advantageous for subject selection in early-stage clinical trials for invasive therapies or for verifying other biomarker studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.