ReviewCurrent opinion in neurobiology2013
The social phenotype of Williams syndrome.
Review in Current opinion in neurobiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 159 citations in OpenAlex.
- Two different mirror neuron pathways for social and non-social actions? A meta-analysis of fMRI studies.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Neuropsychological Genotype-Phenotype in Patients with Williams Syndrome with Atypical Deletions: A Systematic Review.Neuropsychology review · 2023Pooled it
- Oxytocin and Oxytocin Receptor Gene Regulation in Williams Syndrome: A Systematic Review.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Anxiety Disorders in Williams Syndrome Contrasted with Intellectual Disability and the General Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2017Pooled it
- Exome sequencing of 85 Williams-Beuren syndrome cases rules out coding variation as a major contributor to remaining variance in social behavior.Molecular genetics & genomic medicine · 2018Trial
- Disrupting fzd9b in Zebrafish Recapitulates Stress- and Anxiety-Like Behaviours Relevant to Williams Syndrome.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Autistic Traits, Pragmatic Difficulties, and Adaptive Outcomes in Williams Syndrome: A Systematic Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Unaltered empathy-related behaviors in Williams-Beuren syndrome mouse models.Molecular brain · 2026Article
- Deference or sociability? Insights from dogs' and wolves' human-directed behavior in a food-conflict task.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Ophthalmic features of 218 children with Williams syndrome in china: A single-center retrospective study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- The DCIDE framework: systematic investigation of evolutionary hypotheses, exemplified with autism.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2025Review
- Differences in dogs' and wolves' human-directed greeting behaviour: facial expressions, body language, and the problem of human biases.Animal cognition · 2025Article
- Inhibitory Systems in Brain Evolution: Pathways of Vulnerability in Neurodevelopmental Disorders.Brain, behavior and evolution · 2025Review
- The modified elevated gap interaction test: a novel paradigm to assess social preference.Open biology · 2024Article
- Social cues tip the scales in emotional processing of complex pictures.Psychological research · 2024Article
- Oxytocin and our place in the universe.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2024Review
- The role of social motivation in sharing and fairness: insights from Williams syndrome.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2024Article
- Canine hyper-sociability structural variants associated with altered three-dimensional chromatin state.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Friendships in Children with Williams Syndrome: Parent and Child Perspectives.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2024Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Williams syndrome (WS) offers an exciting model for social neuroscience because its genetic basis is well-defined, and the unique phenotype reflects dimensions of prosocial behaviors. WS is associated with a strong drive to approach strangers, a gregarious personality, heightened social engagement yet difficult peer interactions, high nonsocial anxiety, unusual bias toward positive affect, and diminished sensitivity to fear. New neurobiological evidence points toward alterations in structure, function, and connectivity of the social brain (amygdala, fusiform face area, orbital-frontal regions). Recent genetic studies implicate gene networks in the WS region with the dysregulation of prosocial neuropeptides. The study of WS has implications for understanding human social development, and may provide insight for translating genetic and neuroendocrine evidence into treatments for disorders of social behavior.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.