ArticleThe Lancet. Neurology2013
Tracking pathophysiological processes in Alzheimer's disease: an updated hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers.
Article in The Lancet. Neurology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 2,513 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Combination of Intranasal Insulin With Oral Semaglutide to Improve Cognition and Cerebral Blood Flow: a Feasibility Study
A Phase II/III Multicenter Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Platform Trial of Potential Disease Modifying Therapies Utilizing Biomarker, Cognitive, and Clinical Endpoints in Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer's Disease
SIPO1-AD: A Phase II Clinical Trial for the Assessment of Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Siponimod in Patients With Mild Alzheimer's Disease
Pattern of Gait Abnormality As a Predictor for Disease Progression in Dementia
Internet-based Mind-Body Training (iMBT) for Brain Health
Who cites it
2,513 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 4,351 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuroinflammatory markers sTREM2 and YKL-40 in association with Alzheimer's disease pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Plasma Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease Across the Continuum: A Systematic Review of SIMOA-Based Studies.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Pooled it
- Association between plant-based diets and incident dementia: results from prospective cohort studies and a meta-analysis.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Pooled it
- Glymphatic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the DTI-ALPS index as an imaging biomarker.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on immediate and long-term cognitive functions in Alzheimer's dementia and mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Pooled it
- Tracking electrophysiological signatures of Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review of multimodal studies.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Pooled it
- Association between renin angiotensin system and cognitive outcomes over 15 years: The Look AHEAD study.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Trial
- Donanemab treatment effect by baseline tau burden and disease severity: Observations from the TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 2 trial.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Brain Amyloid Plaque Levels Affect Clinical Progression in Alzheimer Disease: Assessment of Amyloid PET and Change in CDR-SB Utilizing Semi-Mechanistic Model.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Trial
- The Effects of a Multidomain Lifestyle Intervention on Brain Function and Its Relation With Immunometabolic Markers and Intestinal Health in Older Adults at Risk of Cognitive Decline: Study Design and Baseline Characteristics of the HELI Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2025Trial
- White matter microstructure and motor function in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's dementia.Neuroimage. Reports · 2026Article
- A paradigm of the diagnosis and treatment for the whole process of Alzheimer's disease.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Advancing the Volumetric Analysis of Ultra-Low-Field Brain MRI Using Image-to-Image Translation.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- Multimodal neuroimaging in dementia and neurodegenerative disorders: complementary roles of clinically available nuclear medicine and MRI in the era of disease-modifying therapies.Japanese journal of radiology · 2026Review
- [European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
- Longitudinal associations of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and slow-wave sleep with plasma Alzheimer's disease biomarkers.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- A murine model of amyloid-enhanced tauopathy: Comparison of wild-type and P301L-tau.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Alzheimer's Disease Accelerates Cerebral Atrophy by Over a Decade Compared to Healthy Aging.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Article
2,453 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In 2010, we put forward a hypothetical model of the major biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The model was received with interest because we described the temporal evolution of AD biomarkers in relation to each other and to the onset and progression of clinical symptoms. Since then, evidence has accumulated that supports the major assumptions of this model. Evidence has also appeared that challenges some of our assumptions, which has allowed us to modify our original model. Refinements to our model include indexing of individuals by time rather than clinical symptom severity; incorporation of interindividual variability in cognitive impairment associated with progression of AD pathophysiology; modifications of the specific temporal ordering of some biomarkers; and recognition that the two major proteinopathies underlying AD biomarker changes, amyloid β (Aβ) and tau, might be initiated independently in sporadic AD, in which we hypothesise that an incident Aβ pathophysiology can accelerate antecedent limbic and brainstem tauopathy.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.