Trial reportDiabetes2013
Omega-3 fatty acids reduce adipose tissue macrophages in human subjects with insulin resistance.
Trial report in Diabetes, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00579436 (Effects of Fish Oils on Inflammation and Insulin Resistance), which is not on this map. Cited by 86 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Fish Oils on Inflammation and Insulin Resistance
Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 178 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrative Roles of Functional Foods, Microbiotics, Nutrigenetics, and Nutrigenomics in Managing Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Dietary Strategies for Weight Loss Maintenance.Nutrients · 2019Pooled it
- Fish oil supplementation and insulin sensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Lipids in health and disease · 2017Pooled it
- Efficacy of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Supplementation in Managing Overweight and Obesity: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2017Pooled it
- Sex, Body Mass Index, and APOE4 Increase Plasma Phospholipid-Eicosapentaenoic Acid Response During an ω-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation: A Secondary Analysis.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Trial
- A Randomized Trial of the Effects of Dietary n3-PUFAs on Skeletal Muscle Function and Acute Exercise Response in Healthy Older Adults.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- A Randomized Trial of ω-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and Circulating Lipoprotein Subclasses in Healthy Older Adults.The Journal of nutrition · 2022Trial
- Dysregulation of Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue Inflammatory Environment Modelling in Non-Insulin Resistant Obesity and Responses to Omega-3 Fatty Acids - A Double Blind, Randomised Clinical Trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Change in Blood and Benign Breast Biomarkers in Women Undergoing a Weight-Loss Intervention Randomized to High-Dose ω-3 Fatty Acids versus Placebo.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2021Trial
- Secondary data analysis investigating effects of marine omega-3 fatty acids on circulating levels of leptin and adiponectin in older adults.Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids · 2021Trial
- The effect of different sources of fish and camelina sativa oil on immune cell and adipose tissue mRNA expression in subjects with abnormal fasting glucose metabolism: a randomized controlled trial.Nutrition & diabetes · 2019Trial
- Very-long-chainThe American journal of clinical nutrition · 2017Trial
- Beneficial Effects of n-3 Fatty Acids on Cardiometabolic and Inflammatory Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Clinical Trial.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Effects of Dietary n-3 Fatty Acids on Hepatic and Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity in Insulin-Resistant Humans.Diabetes care · 2015Trial
- Omega-3 fatty acids inhibit the up-regulation of endothelial chemokines in maintenance hemodialysis patients.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2015Trial
- Article
- Long-Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Attenuate the Severity of Obesity-Associated White Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction.Marine drugs · 2026Review
- Adipose Tissue-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles in Plasma Reveal Molecular Circuitries Underlying Glucose Intolerance.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Article
- Mechanisms Linking Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Alzheimer's Disease: Effects of Polyphenols and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids.Nutrients · 2025Review
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Fish oils (FOs) have anti-inflammatory effects and lower serum triglycerides. This study examined adipose and muscle inflammatory markers after treatment of humans with FOs and measured the effects of ω-3 fatty acids on adipocytes and macrophages in vitro. Insulin-resistant, nondiabetic subjects were treated with Omega-3-Acid Ethyl Esters (4 g/day) or placebo for 12 weeks. Plasma macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) levels were reduced by FO, but the levels of other cytokines were unchanged. The adipose (but not muscle) of FO-treated subjects demonstrated a decrease in macrophages, a decrease in MCP-1, and an increase in capillaries, and subjects with the most macrophages demonstrated the greatest response to treatment. Adipose and muscle ω-3 fatty acid content increased after treatment; however, there was no change in insulin sensitivity or adiponectin. In vitro, M1-polarized macrophages expressed high levels of MCP-1. The addition of ω-3 fatty acids reduced MCP-1 expression with no effect on TNF-α. In addition, ω-3 fatty acids suppressed the upregulation of adipocyte MCP-1 that occurred when adipocytes were cocultured with macrophages. Thus, FO reduced adipose macrophages, increased capillaries, and reduced MCP-1 expression in insulin-resistant humans and in macrophages and adipocytes in vitro; however, there was no measureable effect on insulin sensitivity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.