ArticleAmerican journal of public health2013
Trends in mortality risk by education level and cause of death among US White women from 1986 to 2006.
Article in American journal of public health, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The association between social exclusion or inclusion and health in EU and OECD countries: a systematic review.European journal of public health · 2019Pooled it
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- The Role of Despair in Predicting Self-Destructive Behaviors.Population research and policy review · 2025Article
- Analysing premature cardiovascular disease mortality in the United States by obesity status and educational attainment.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Association between early childhood caries and parental education and the link to the sustainable development goal 4: a scoping review.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- The Great Divide: Education, Despair, and Death.Annual review of economics · 2022Article
- Women's Health: Population Patterns and Social Determinants.Annual review of sociology · 2022Article
- Rising childhood income inequality and declining Americans' health.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022Article
- A Scoping Review of the Association of Social Disadvantage and Cerebrovascular Disease Confirmed by Neuroimaging and Neuropathology.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Life expectancy in adulthood is falling for those without a BA degree, but as educational gaps have widened, racial gaps have narrowed.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- The implications of changing education distributions for life expectancy gradients.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2021Article
- Using Satellite Images and Deep Learning to Identify Associations Between County-Level Mortality and Residential Neighborhood Features Proximal to Schools: A Cross-Sectional Study.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
- Trends in U.S. Working-Age non-Hispanic White Mortality: Rural-Urban and Within-Rural Differences.Population research and policy review · 2020Article
- The influence of education on health: an empirical assessment of OECD countries for the period 1995-2015.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2020Article
- Article
- Weathering, Drugs, and Whack-a-Mole: Fundamental and Proximate Causes of Widening Educational Inequity in U.S. Life Expectancy by Sex and Race, 1990-2015.Journal of health and social behavior · 2019Article
- Black/white differences in mortality among veteran and non-veteran males.Social science research · 2019Article
- Education and Health Conditions among the Currently Incarcerated and the Non-Incarcerated Populations.Population research and policy review · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
objectivesTo elucidate why the inverse association between education level and mortality risk (the gradient) has increased markedly among White women since the mid-1980s, we identified causes of death for which the gradient increased.
methodsWe used data from the 1986 to 2006 National Health Interview Survey Linked Mortality File on non-Hispanic White women aged 45 to 84 years (n = 230 692). We examined trends in the gradient by cause of death across 4 time periods and 4 education levels using age-standardized death rates.
resultsDuring 1986 to 2002, the growing gradient for all-cause mortality reflected increasing mortality among low-educated women and declining mortality among college-educated women; during 2003 to 2006 it mainly reflected declining mortality among college-educated women. The gradient increased for heart disease, lung cancer, chronic lower respiratory disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. Lung cancer and chronic lower respiratory disease explained 47% of the overall increase.
conclusionsMortality disparities among White women widened across 1986 to 2006 partially because of causes of death for which smoking is a major risk factor. A comprehensive policy framework should address the social conditions that influence smoking among disadvantaged women.
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