SynthesisPLoS neglected tropical diseases2013
Evaluation of rK39 rapid diagnostic tests for canine visceral leishmaniasis: longitudinal study and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Zoonotic leishmaniasis in China: Current status and challenges to elimination.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Review
- Expanding mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in China: a multi-source data-driven investigation.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Article
- Enhanced diagnostic tools for visceral leishmaniasis using kinase based antigens in Brazilian human and canine samples.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The diversity of sandflies (Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) and the presence of Leishmania spp. DNA in potential vectors of the Mbaracayú Forest Biosphere Reserve, Canindeyú, Paraguay: New records and findings.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Candidate antigens for serological testing (ELISA) and diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis.Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria · 2025Article
- A panel of recombinantmBio · 2024Article
- Diagnosis of Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Comparative Study Using CL DetectActa parasitologica · 2023Article
- Validation of a mixture of rK26 and rK39 antigens from Iranian strain of Leishmania infantum to detect anti-Leishmania antibodies in human and reservoir hosts.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Sensitivity comparison for the Leishmania spp. detection in different canine tissues using PCR-HRM.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2022Article
- Evidence map of diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, prevention, and control in visceral leishmaniasis.Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2022Review
- Membrane Technology for Rapid Point-of-Care Diagnostics for Parasitic Neglected Tropical Diseases.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2021Article
- Passive case detection for canine visceral leishmaniasis control in urban Brazil: Determinants of population uptake.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Early detection and persistent positivity of anti-Leishmania antibodies using a recombinant protein-based ELISA in naturally infected dogs in Brazil.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
- Article
- First Report of Canine Infection byInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Gene design, optimization of protein expression and preliminary evaluation of a new chimeric protein for the serological diagnosis of both human and canine visceral leishmaniasis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- Risk factors associated with Leishmania exposure among dogs in a rural area of Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2020Article
- Early antibody response and clinical outcome in experimental canine leishmaniasis.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Production of a kinesin-related recombinant protein (Lbk39) fromOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2019Article
- Evaluation of four rapid diagnostic tests for canine and human visceral Leishmaniasis in Colombia.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere is a need for sensitive and specific rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for canine visceral leishmaniasis. The aims of this study were to evaluate the diagnostic performance of immunochromatographic dipstick RDTs using rK39 antigen for canine visceral leishmaniasis by (i) investigating the sensitivity of RDTs to detect infection, disease and infectiousness in a longitudinal cohort study of natural infection in Brazil, and (ii) using meta-analysis to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of RDTs from published studies. METHODOLOGY: We used a rK39 RDT (Kalazar Detect Canine Rapid Test; Inbios) to test sera collected from 54 sentinel dogs exposed to natural infection in an endemic area of Brazil. Dogs were sampled bimonthly for up to 27 months, and rK39 results compared to those of crude antigen ELISA, PCR, clinical status and infectiousness to sandflies. We then searched MEDLINE and Web of Knowledge (1993-2011) for original studies evaluating the performance of rK39 RDTs in dogs. Meta-analysis of sensitivity and specificity was performed using bivariate mixed effects models. PRINCIPAL
findingsThe sensitivity of the rK39 RDT in Brazil to detect infection, disease and infectiousness was 46%, 77% and 78% respectively. Sensitivity increased with time since infection, antibody titre, parasite load, clinical score and infectiousness. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. The combined sensitivity of rK39 RDTs was 86.7% (95% CI: 76.9-92.8%) to detect clinical disease and 59.3% (37.9-77.6%) to detect infection. Combined specificity was 98.7% (89.5-99.9%). Both sensitivity and specificity varied considerably between studies.
conclusionThe diagnostic performance of rK39 RDTs is reasonable for confirmation of infection in suspected clinical cases, but the sensitivity to detect infected dogs is too low for large-scale epidemiological studies and operational control programmes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.