ArticlePloS one2013
Characterization of a Streptococcus mutans intergenic region containing a small toxic peptide and its cis-encoded antisense small RNA antitoxin.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Type I toxin-antitoxin systems in bacteria: from regulation to biological functions.EcoSal Plus · 2024Review
- Comparative Genomic Analysis of Prophages in Human Vaginal Isolates ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Small proteins in Gram-positive bacteria.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2023Article
- Small regulatory RNAs are mediators of theJournal of bacteriology · 2023Article
- Article
- TnSmu1 is a functional integrative and conjugative element in Streptococcus mutans that when expressed causes growth arrest of host bacteria.Molecular microbiology · 2022Article
- Activation of TnSmu1, an integrative and conjugative element, by an ImmR-like transcriptional regulator inMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2022Article
- Article
- Small regulatory RNAs of oral streptococci and periodontal bacteria.The Japanese dental science review · 2021Review
- RNA antitoxin SprF1 binds ribosomes to attenuate translation and promote persister cell formation in Staphylococcus aureus.Nature microbiology · 2021Article
- RNA Regulated Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Pathogenic Bacteria.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- The Fst/Ldr Family of Type I TA System Toxins: Potential Roles in Stress Response, Metabolism and Pathogenesis.Toxins · 2020Review
- Type I Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Clostridia.Toxins · 2019Review
- Type I Toxin-Antitoxin Systems: Regulating Toxin Expression via Shine-Dalgarno Sequence Sequestration and Small RNA Binding.Microbiology spectrum · 2018Review
- [Role of small noncoding RNA in the regulation of bacterial virulence].Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology · 2016Review
- A multistress responsive type I toxin-antitoxin system: bsrE/SR5 from the B. subtilis chromosome.RNA biology · 2016Article
- In Vitro Characterization of the Type I Toxin-Antitoxin System bsrE/SR5 from Bacillus subtilis.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2016Article
- Regulatory RNAs in the Less Studied Streptococcal Species: From Nomenclature to Identification.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Review
- RNA regulators of host immunity and pathogen adaptive responses in the oral cavity.Microbes and infection · 2015Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules consist of a pair of genes that encode two components: a protein toxin and an antitoxin, which may be in the form of either a labile protein or an antisense small RNA. Here we describe, to the best of our knowledge, the first functional chromosomal type I TA system in streptococci. Our model organism is the oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans. Our results showed that the genome of S. mutans UA159 reference strain harbors a previously unannotated Fst-like toxin (Fst-Sm) and its cis-encoded small RNA antitoxin (srSm) converging towards the end of the toxin gene in IGR176, a small intergenic region of 318 nt. Fst-Sm is a small hydrophobic peptide of 32 amino acid residues with homology to the Fst toxin family. Transcripts of ∼200 nt and ∼70 nt specific to fst-Sm mRNA and srSm RNA, respectively, were detected by Northern blot analysis throughout S. mutans growth. The toxin mRNA was considerably more stable than its cognate antitoxin. The half-life of srSm RNA was determined to be ∼30 min, while fst-Sm mRNA had a half-life of ∼90 min. Both fst-Sm and srSm RNAs were transcribed across direct tandem repeats providing a region of complementarity for inhibition of toxin translation. Overproduction of Fst-Sm had a toxic effect on E. coli and S. mutans cells which can be neutralized by coexpression of srSm RNA. Deletion of fst-Sm/srSm locus or overexpression of Fst-Sm/srSm had no effect on S. mutans cell growth in liquid medium and no differences in the total biofilm biomass were noted. In contrast, mild-overproduction of Fst-Sm/srSm type I TA system decreases the levels of persister cells tolerant to bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitors.
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