ArticlePloS one2013
High levels of adherence and viral suppression in a nationally representative sample of HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy for 6, 12 and 18 months in Rwanda.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Exploring linkages between drought and HIV treatment adherence in Africa: a systematic review.The Lancet. Planetary health · 2022Pooled it
- Alcohol Use and Antiretroviral Therapy Non-Adherence Among Adults Living with HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Impact of support groups for people living with HIV on clinical outcomes: a systematic review of the literature.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2015Pooled it
- Predictors and correlates of adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) for chronic HIV infection: a meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2014Pooled it
- The heterogeneous effect of short-term transfers for improving ART adherence among HIV-infected Tanzanian adultsAIDS care · 2018Trial
- A combination intervention strategy to improve linkage to and retention in HIV care following diagnosis in Mozambique: A cluster-randomized study.PLoS medicine · 2017Trial
- HIV shedding from male circumcision wounds in HIV-infected men: a prospective cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2015Trial
- Kidney dysfunction and its associated factors among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in rural Rwanda: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Use of machine learning in predicting continuity of HIV treatment in selected Nigerian States.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Bridging the gap: Enhancing HIV care pathways for young key populations in Chad.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Mental Health Disorders and Their Associated Risk Factors Among People Living with HIV in Rwanda: A Cross-Sectional Study.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Use of computer-assisted self-interview in detection of and referral for depression among adolescents living with HIV at an urban HIV treatment clinic in Uganda: a quasi-experimental study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2024Article
- Virological Suppression and its Predictors Among HIV/AIDS Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Review
- The association of HIV-related stigma and psychosocial factors and HIV treatment outcomes among people living with HIV in the Volta region of Ghana: A mixed-methods study.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- What are the determinants of antiretroviral therapy adherence among stable people living with HIV? A cross-sectional study in Cambodia.AIDS research and therapy · 2023Article
- Heavy Alcohol Use is Associated with Lower CD4 Counts among Russian Women Living with HIV: A Multilevel Analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2021Article
- Assessing the impact of HIV support groups on antiretroviral therapy adherence and viral suppression in the African cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Adherence and Its Associated Factors Among Adult HIV-Infected Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in South Western Ethiopia, 2020.Patient preference and adherence · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGeneralizable data are needed on the magnitude and determinants of adherence and virological suppression among patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Africa.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey with chart abstraction, patient interviews and site assessments in a nationally representative sample of adults on ART for 6, 12 and 18 months at 20 sites in Rwanda. Adherence was assessed using 3- and 30-day patient recall. A systematically selected sub-sample had viral load (VL) measurements. Multivariable logistic regression examined predictors of non-perfect (<100%) 30-day adherence and detectable VL (>40 copies/ml).
resultsOverall, 1,417 adults were interviewed and 837 had VL measures. Ninety-four percent and 78% reported perfect adherence for the last 3 and 30 days, respectively. Eighty-three percent had undetectable VL. In adjusted models, characteristics independently associated with higher odds of non-perfect 30-day adherence were: being on ART for 18 months (vs. 6 months); younger age; reporting severe (vs. no or few) side effects in the prior 30 days; having no documentation of CD4 cell count at ART initiation (vs. having a CD4 cell count of <200 cells/µL); alcohol use; and attending sites which initiated ART services in 2003-2004 and 2005 (vs. 2006-2007); sites with ≥600 (vs. <600 patients) on ART; or sites with peer educators. Participation in an association for people living with HIV/AIDS; and receiving care at sites which regularly conduct home-visits were independently associated with lower odds of non-adherence. Higher odds of having a detectable VL were observed among patients at sites with peer educators. Being female; participating in an association for PLWHA; and using a reminder tool were independently associated with lower odds of having detectable VL.
conclusionsHigh levels of adherence and viral suppression were observed in the Rwandan national ART program, and associated with potentially modifiable factors.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.