ArticlePloS one2013
Ginkgo biloba extract and long-term cognitive decline: a 20-year follow-up population-based study.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Can We UseCells · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Analysing Time to Event Data in Dementia Prevention Trials: The Example of the GuidAge Study of EGb761.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Mild Cognitive Impairment Diagnosis and Care Algorithms and the Role of Digital Interventions: Expert Consensus.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Iranian Traditional Medicine for Treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity in Children: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Iranian journal of public health · 2024Review
- Comprehensive Review of Nutraceuticals against Cognitive Decline Associated with Alzheimer's Disease.ACS omega · 2023Review
- FoliumPharmaceutical biology · 2022Article
- Association Between Ginkgo Biloba Extract Prescriptions and Dementia Incidence in Outpatients with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Germany: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2022Article
- Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Dementia: The Role ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Strategies for the use of Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb 761CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2021Article
- Potential Therapeutic Targets of Quercetin and Its Derivatives: Its Role in the Therapy of Cognitive Impairment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Review
- Active ginseng components in cognitive impairment: Therapeutic potential and prospects for delivery and clinical study.Oncotarget · 2018Review
- Ginkgolide B Suppresses Methamphetamine-Induced Microglial Activation Through TLR4-NF-κB Signaling Pathway in BV2 Cells.Neurochemical research · 2017Article
- Identification of ginkgolide targets in brain by photoaffinity labeling.Chemical biology & drug design · 2017Article
- Efficacy and safety ofNeuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2017Article
- A Capillary Electrophoresis Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Method using a Borate Background Electrolyte for the Fingerprinting Analysis of Flavonoids inAnalytical methods : advancing methods and applications · 2016Article
- An Overview of Systematic Reviews ofFrontiers in aging neuroscience · 2016Review
- Ginkgolic Acid Protects against Aβ-Induced Synaptic Dysfunction in the Hippocampus.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2016Article
- Gongjin-Dan Enhances Hippocampal Memory in a Mouse Model of Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia.PloS one · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNumerous studies have looked at the potential benefits of various nootropic drugs such as Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761®; Tanakan®) and piracetam (Nootropyl®) on age-related cognitive decline often leading to inconclusive results due to small sample sizes or insufficient follow-up duration. The present study assesses the association between intake of EGb761® and cognitive function of elderly adults over a 20-year period. METHODS AND
findingsThe data were gathered from the prospective community-based cohort study 'Paquid'. Within the study sample of 3612 non-demented participants aged 65 and over at baseline, three groups were compared: 589 subjects reporting use of EGb761® at at least one of the ten assessment visits, 149 subjects reporting use of piracetam at one of the assessment visits and 2874 subjects not reporting use of either EGb761® or piracetam. Decline on MMSE, verbal fluency and visual memory over the 20-year follow-up was analysed with a multivariate mixed linear effects model. A significant difference in MMSE decline over the 20-year follow-up was observed in the EGb761® and piracetam treatment groups compared to the 'neither treatment' group. These effects were in opposite directions: the EGb761® group declined less rapidly than the 'neither treatment' group, whereas the piracetam group declined more rapidly (β = -0.6). Regarding verbal fluency and visual memory, no difference was observed between the EGb761® group and the 'neither treatment' group (respectively, β = 0.21 and β = -0.03), whereas the piracetam group declined more rapidly (respectively, β = -1.40 and β = -0.44). When comparing the EGb761® and piracetam groups directly, a different decline was observed for the three tests (respectively β = -1.07, β = -1.61 and β = -0.41).
conclusionCognitive decline in a non-demented elderly population was lower in subjects who reported using EGb761® than in those who did not. This effect may be a specific medication effect of EGb761®, since it was not observed for another nootropic medication, piracetam.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.