ReviewClinical reviews in allergy & immunology2013
The hygiene theory harnessing helminths and their ova to treat autoimmunity.
Review in Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review: Eosinophilic esophagitis in Asian countries.World journal of gastroenterology · 2015Pooled it
- Parasites and allergies: a complex bidirectional relationship from evolutionary origins to modern therapeutics.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Review
- Analysis of Intestinal Microflora and Metabolites From Mice With DSS-Induced IBD Treated WithFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- Potential Vaccines for Treating Crohn's DiseaseIranian biomedical journal · 2020Review
- Monosexual Cercariae ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Immunomodulation of Murine Chronic DSS-Induced Colitis by Tuftsin-Phosphorylcholine.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Article
- Immunomodulatory effect of Syphacia obvelata in treatment of experimental DSS-induced colitis in mouse model.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Mechanisms by which gut microorganisms influence food sensitivities.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2019Review
- Tuftsin phosphorylcholine-a novel compound harnessing helminths to fight autoimmunity.Immunologic research · 2018Review
- Liver cystic echinococcosis and human host immune and autoimmune follow-up: A review.World journal of hepatology · 2017Review
- Article
- Cysteine protease inhibitor of Schistosoma japonicum - A parasite-derived negative immunoregulatory factor.Parasitology research · 2017Article
- Microbes and Viruses Are Bugging the Gut in Celiac Disease. Are They Friends or Foes?Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Review
- Tuftsin-Phosphorylcholine Maintains Normal Gut Microbiota in Collagen Induced Arthritic Mice.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- A benign helminth alters the host immune system and the gut microbiota in a rat model system.PloS one · 2017Article
- Environmental factors in autoimmune diseases and their role in multiple sclerosis.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2016Review
- Disease prevalence in a rural Andean population of central Peru: a focus on autoimmune and allergic diseases.Auto- immunity highlights · 2016Article
- The role of evolutionary biology in research and control of liver flukes in Southeast Asia.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2016Review
- Effects of Invariant NKT Cells on Parasite Infections and Hygiene Hypothesis.Journal of immunology research · 2016Review
- The Helminth-Derived Immunomodulator AvCystatin Reduces Virus Enhanced Inflammation by Induction of Regulatory IL-10+ T Cells.PloS one · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The incidence of autoimmune diseases is increasing in Western countries, possibly due to the improved sanitary conditions and reduced exposure to infections in childhood (the hygiene hypothesis). There is an ongoing debate whether infection prevents or precipitates autoimmune diseases. Various helminths species used in several animal models were shown to limit inflammatory activity in a variety of diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. At present the scientific data is based mostly on experimental animal models; however, there is an increasing body of evidence in a number of clinical trials being conducted. Herein we review several clinical trials evaluating the anti-inflammatory effects of helminths and assessing their association with different autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, and autoimmune liver diseases. We also describe the common pathways by which helminths induce immune modulation and the key changes observed in the host immune system following exposure to helminths. These common pathways include the inhibition of IFN-γ and IL-17 production, promotion of IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β release, induction of CD4(+) T cell FoxP3(+) expression, and generation of regulatory macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells. Helminths products are becoming significant candidates for anti-inflammatory agents in this context. However, further research is needed for synthetic analogues of helminths' potent products that mimic the parasite-mediated immunomodulation effect.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.