Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2013
Short-course antiretroviral therapy in primary HIV infection.
Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 119 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Research In Viral Eradication of HIV Reservoirs
A Randomised Placebo Controlled Trial of ART Plus Dual Long-acting HIV-specific Broadly Neutralising Antibodies (bNAbs) vs ART Plus Placebo in Treated Primary or Early Stage HIV Infection on Viral Control Off ART
Who cites it
119 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 216 citations in OpenAlex.
- Estimating incidence rates of grouped HPV types: A systematic review and comparison of the impact of different epidemiological assumptions.Papillomavirus research (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2019Pooled it
- Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) guidelines for treatment of paediatric HIV-1 infection 2015: optimizing health in preparation for adult life.HIV medicine · 2018Guideline
- Sex, age, race and intervention type in clinical studies of HIV cure: a systematic review.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2015Pooled it
- Immunological and virological benefits resulted from short-course treatment during primary HIV infection: a meta-analysis.PloS one · 2013Pooled it
- Long-term effect of temporary ART initiated during primary HIV-1 infection on viral persistence.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Expression of type I interferon-associated genes at antiretroviral therapy interruption predicts HIV virological rebound.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Epigenetic scars of CD8Nature immunology · 2021Trial
- Time to viral rebound and safety after antiretroviral treatment interruption in postpartum women compared with men.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Trial
- The benefit of immediate compared with deferred antiretroviral therapy on CD4+ cell count recovery in early HIV infection.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Trial
- Trial
- A randomized controlled safety/efficacy trial of therapeutic vaccination in HIV-infected individuals who initiated antiretroviral therapy early in infection.Science translational medicine · 2017Trial
- Post-treatment control or treated controllers? Viral remission in treated and untreated primary HIV infection.AIDS (London, England) · 2017Trial
- Exhaustion of Activated CD8 T Cells Predicts Disease Progression in Primary HIV-1 Infection.PLoS pathogens · 2016Trial
- Immunological biomarkers predict HIV-1 viral rebound after treatment interruption.Nature communications · 2015Trial
- A Randomized Trial of Time-Limited Antiretroviral Therapy in Acute/Early HIV Infection.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Early time-limited antiretroviral therapy versus deferred therapy in South African infants infected with HIV: results from the children with HIV early antiretroviral (CHER) randomised trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2013Trial
- Symptomatic illness and low CD4 cell count at HIV seroconversion as markers of severe primary HIV infection.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Early intervention, lasting impact: benefits of early antiretroviral therapy and implications for posttreatment control.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2026Review
- Impact of sex differences in adult and paediatric HIV-1 cure.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2026Review
59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundShort-course antiretroviral therapy (ART) in primary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection may delay disease progression but has not been adequately evaluated.
methodsWe randomly assigned adults with primary HIV infection to ART for 48 weeks, ART for 12 weeks, or no ART (standard of care), with treatment initiated within 6 months after seroconversion. The primary end point was a CD4+ count of less than 350 cells per cubic millimeter or long-term ART initiation.
resultsA total of 366 participants (60% men) underwent randomization to 48-week ART (123 participants), 12-week ART (120), or standard care (123), with an average follow-up of 4.2 years. The primary end point was reached in 50% of the 48-week ART group, as compared with 61% in each of the 12-week ART and standard-care groups. The average hazard ratio was 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45 to 0.90; P=0.01) for 48-week ART as compared with standard care and was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.67 to 1.29; P=0.67) for 12-week ART as compared with standard care. The proportion of participants who had a CD4+ count of less than 350 cells per cubic millimeter was 28% in the 48-week ART group, 40% in the 12-week group, and 40% in the standard-care group. Corresponding values for long-term ART initiation were 22%, 21%, and 22%. The median time to the primary end point was 65 weeks (95% CI, 17 to 114) longer with 48-week ART than with standard care. Post hoc analysis identified a trend toward a greater interval between ART initiation and the primary end point the closer that ART was initiated to estimated seroconversion (P=0.09), and 48-week ART conferred a reduction in the HIV RNA level of 0.44 log(10) copies per milliliter (95% CI, 0.25 to 0.64) 36 weeks after the completion of short-course therapy. There were no significant between-group differences in the incidence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, death, or serious adverse events.
conclusionsA 48-week course of ART in patients with primary HIV infection delayed disease progression, although not significantly longer than the duration of the treatment. There was no evidence of adverse effects of ART interruption on the clinical outcome. (Funded by the Wellcome Trust; SPARTAC Controlled-Trials.com number, ISRCTN76742797, and EudraCT number, 2004-000446-20.).
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.