ReviewClinical & experimental metastasis2013
In vivo animal models for studying brain metastasis: value and limitations.
Review in Clinical & experimental metastasis, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Lymphatic-Bone Axis in Cancer Metastasis.Cancers · 2026Review
- Biological profile of breast cancer brain metastasis.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Review
- Establishment and Characterization of a Brain Parenchymal Metastatic Cell Line AlmoR1 Derived From an NSCLC Patient With EGFR-TKI Resistance.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Leaf-vein-inspired multi-organ microfluidic chip for modeling breast cancer CTC organotropism.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Current preclinical models of brain metastasis.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2024Review
- Preclinical evaluation of targeted therapies for central nervous system metastases.Disease models & mechanisms · 2024Review
- State of the Art Modelling of the Breast Cancer Metastatic Microenvironment: Where Are We?Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2024Review
- The path to leptomeningeal metastasis.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2024Review
- Radiotherapy in Preclinical Models of Brain Metastases: A Review and Recommendations for Future Studies.International journal of biological sciences · 2024Review
- Review of metastasis to meningiomas with case examples.Brain & spine · 2024Article
- Noggin contributes to brain metastatic colonization of lung cancer cells.Cancer cell international · 2023Article
- Article
- Breast cancer brain metastasis: from etiology to state-of-the-art modeling.Journal of biological engineering · 2023Review
- Advances in Brain Metastasis Models.Brain tumor research and treatment · 2023Review
- Tissue-Engineered Models of the Human Brain: State-of-the-Art Analysis and Challenges.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2022Review
- Insights into the Steps of Breast Cancer-Brain Metastases Development: Tumor Cell Interactions with the Blood-Brain Barrier.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Novel human melanoma brain metastasis models in athymic nude fox1Cancer medicine · 2021Article
- Preclinical Solid Tumor Models to Study Novel Therapeutics in Brain Metastases.Current protocols · 2021Article
- Anti-EGFR VHH-armed death receptor ligand-engineered allogeneic stem cells have therapeutic efficacy in diverse brain metastatic breast cancers.Science advances · 2021Article
- Brain Metastasis Cell Lines Panel: A Public Resource of Organotropic Cell Lines.Cancer research · 2020Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brain metastasis is associated with a particular poor prognosis. Novel insight into the brain metastatic process is therefore warranted. Several preclinical models of brain tumor metastasis have been developed during the last 60 years, and they have in part revealed some of the mechanisms underlying the metastatic process. This review discusses mechanisms of brain metastasis with a key focus of the development of animal model systems. This includes the use of rodent, syngeneic brain metastasis models (spontaneous, chemically induced and genetically engineered models) and human xenotransplantation models (ectopic inoculation and orthotopic models). Current information indicates that none of these fully reflect tumor development seen in patients with metastatic disease. The various model systems used, however, have provided important insight into specific mechanisms of the metastatic process related to the brain. By combining the knowledge obtained from animal models, new important information on the molecular mechanisms behind metastasis will be obtained, leading to the future development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.