SynthesisTobacco control2014
A systematic review of store audit methods for assessing tobacco marketing and products at the point of sale.
Synthesis in Tobacco control, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04279483 (Geo Smoking Study and Neural and Geospatial Examination of Smokers' Exposure to Retail Environments), which is not on this map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Geo Smoking Study and Neural and Geospatial Examination of Smokers' Exposure to Retail Environments
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cannabis retailers' marketing practices and compliance with state regulations: a 2025 point-of-sale audit in 5 U.S. cities.Addictive behaviors · 2026Article
- Development and implementation of a rapid surveillance system for tobacco product retail availability in six U.S. sites.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Commercial tobacco retail marketing in rural communities in Appalachian Kentucky, 2024.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Concurrent availability of cannabinoid and tobacco products in licensed tobacco retailers in three U.S. cities.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Follow the money: a closer look at US tobacco industry marketing expenditures.Tobacco control · 2023Article
- A systematic review of trucking food, physical activity, and tobacco environments and tractor-trailer drivers' related patterns and practices in the United States and Canada, 1993-2021.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Review
- Progress in adopting bans on tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship in the Americas: lessons from Uruguay and Argentina.Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2022Article
- Evaluating how licensing-law strategies will impact disparities in tobacco retailer density: a simulation in Ohio.Tobacco control · 2021Article
- Identifying neural signatures of tobacco retail outlet exposure: Preliminary validation of a "community neuroscience" paradigm.Addiction biology · 2021Article
- Image Processing for Public Health Surveillance of Tobacco Point-of-Sale Advertising: Machine Learning-Based Methodology.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Article
- Tobacco and E-Cigarettes Point of Sale Advertising-Assessing Compliance with Tobacco Advertising, Promotion and Sponsorship Bans in Poland.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Exploring the Point-of-Sale Among Vape Shops Across the United States: Audits Integrating a Mystery Shopper Approach.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Article
- E-cigarette Tobacco Retail Licensing Laws: Variance Across US States as of January 1, 2020.American journal of public health · 2020Article
- Changes in Tobacco Product Advertising at Point of Sale: 2015-2018.Pediatrics · 2020Article
- PhenX: Vector measures for tobacco regulatory research.Tobacco control · 2020Article
- Mind the Gap: Changes in Cigarette Prices After California's Tax Increase.Tobacco regulatory science · 2019Article
- Predictive Validity of Tobacco Product Advertising and Retail Availability.Tobacco regulatory science · 2019Article
- Share of Advertising Voice at the Point-of-Sale and Its Influence on At-Risk Students' Use of Alternative Tobacco Products.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Article
- Observational
- The Relationship between Tobacco Retailer Density and Neighborhood Demographics in Ohio.Ohio journal of public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveOver four-fifths of reported expenditures for marketing tobacco products occur at the retail point of sale (POS). To date, no systematic review has synthesised the methods used for surveillance of POS marketing. This review sought to describe the audit objectives, methods and measures used to study retail tobacco environments.
methodsWe systematically searched 11 academic databases for papers indexed on or before 14 March 2012, identifying 2906 papers. Two coders independently reviewed each abstract or full text to identify papers with the following criteria: (1) data collectors visited and assessed (2) retail environments using (3) a data collection instrument for (4) tobacco products or marketing. We excluded papers where limited measures of products and/or marketing were incidental. Two abstractors independently coded included papers for research aims, locale, methods, measures used and measurement properties. We calculated descriptive statistics regarding the use of four P's of marketing (product, price, placement, promotion) and for measures of study design, sampling strategy and sample size.
resultsWe identified 88 store audit studies. Most studies focus on enumerating the number of signs or other promotions. Several strengths, particularly in sampling, are noted, but substantial improvements are indicated in the reporting of reliability, validity and audit procedures.
conclusionsAudits of POS tobacco marketing have made important contributions to understanding industry behaviour, the uses of marketing and resulting health behaviours. Increased emphasis on standardisation and the use of theory are needed in the field. We propose key components of audit methodology that should be routinely reported.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.