ArticleReproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E2013
Circulating matrix metalloproteinase MMP-9 and MMP-2/TIMP-2 complex are associated with spontaneous early pregnancy failure.
Article in Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Platelet-Rich Plasma in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Toward a Precision Medicine Framework for Biologically Guided Patient Selection.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Reduced circulating polyamines in polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome patients and the impact of putrescine on ovarian function and fertility in a murine PMOS model†.Biology of reproduction · 2026Article
- Multi-omics biomarkers in female fertility: from oocyte quality to endometrial receptivity and clinical translation.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Correlation of VEGF, HIF-1α, and MMP2 expression in placental villi among patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion.Obstetrics & gynecology science · 2025Article
- The Role of CXCR2, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in the Pathogenesis of Placenta Accreta: A Molecular Expression Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Observational
- TIMP2 rs2277698 polymorphism associated with adverse IVF outcomes in Han Chinese women.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Escherichia coli induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity and type IV collagen degradation is regulated by progesterone in human maternal decidual.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant attenuates preeclampsia-like phenotypes induced by syncytiotrophoblast-specific Gαq signaling.Science advances · 2023Article
- The effect of obesity on uterine receptivity is mediated by endometrial extracellular vesicles that control human endometrial stromal cell decidualization and trophoblast invasion.Journal of extracellular biology · 2023Article
- Trichloroethylene MetaboliteChemical research in toxicology · 2023Article
- Chamomile and Urtica dioica extracts improve immunological and histological alterations associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome in DHEA -induced mice.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2023Article
- Decoding the molecular cascade of embryonic-uterine modulators in pregnancy loss of PCOS mother- an "in vivo" study.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2022Article
- Article
- Matrix metalloproteinase-induced cervical extracellular matrix remodelling in pregnancy and cervical cancer.Reproduction & fertility · 2022Review
- Mild infection induced by low-dose LPS does not impair follicular development and is beneficial to pregnancy in mice.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Preimplantation factor modulates trophoblastic invasion throughout the decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2021Article
- The serum levels of circulating matrix metalloproteinase MMP-9, MMP-2/TIMP-2 complex and TIMP-1 do not change significantly during normal pregnancy: a pilot study.BMC research notes · 2021Article
- The Roles of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Human Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Matrix metalloproteinase-9 increases and Interleukin-10 reduces with increase in body mass index in polycystic ovary syndrome: A cross-sectional study.International journal of reproductive biomedicine · 2020Article
- LRP6 is involved in the proliferation, migration and invasion of trophoblast cells via miR‑346.International journal of molecular medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTrophoblast cell (CTB) invasion into the maternal endometrium plays a crucial role during human embryo implantation and placentation. This invasion is facilitated by the activity of matrix metalloproteinases, which are regulated by tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs).
methodsThis study compares the serum levels of MMP-9, MMP-2/TIMP-2 complex, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in 129 patients with ongoing pregnancy (n = 40) or spontaneous early pregnancy failure (n = 89).
resultsMMP-9 was markedly (p < 0.0001) elevated in missed abortions, as was MMP-2/TIMP-2 complex (p < 0.0005). However, the serum levels of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were markedly elevated (p < 0.0001) in ongoing pregnancies.
conclusionsHuman placentation is mediated by fetal trophoblastic cells that invade the maternal uterine endometrium. Trophoblast invasion requires a precisely regulated secretion of specific proteolytic enzymes able to degrade the endometrial basement membrane and extracellular matrix. The elevated levels of MMP-9 and MMP-2/TIMP-2 complex may play a role in spontaneous termination of pregnancy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.