Trial reportPloS one2013
Environmental factors associated with disease progression after the first demyelinating event: results from the multi-center SET study.
Trial report in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictors of Multiple Sclerosis After Clinically Isolated Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.European journal of neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II genetic relationships with brain imaging measures: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Pooled it
- Vitamin D, smoking, EBV, and long-term cognitive performance in MS: 11-year follow-up of BENEFIT.Neurology · 2020Trial
- No association of multiple sclerosis activity and progression with EBV or tobacco use in BENEFIT.Neurology · 2015Trial
- Viral associations in multiple sclerosis: pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Virology journal · 2026Review
- Neurofilament Light Chain Concentration in the Prediction of Treatment Response in Multiple Sclerosis.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Chronic Neuroplasticity Changes Following Neurotropic Viral Infection: Mechanisms and Implications.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- The Effect of Smoking and Passive Exposure on Multiple Sclerosis and Correlation with IL17 & IL23 Levels.Noro psikiyatri arsivi · 2025Article
- Examining the Relationships Between Indoor Environmental Quality Parameters Pertaining to Light, Noise, Temperature, and Humidity and the Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of People Living With Dementia: Scoping Review.Interactive journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Impact of tobacco smoking on disease-specific outcomes in common neurological disorders: A scoping review.Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia · 2024Article
- The Impact of Cytomegalovirus Infection on Natural Killer and CD8+ T Cell Phenotype in Multiple Sclerosis.Biology · 2024Article
- Dimethyl Fumarate Treatment Reduces the Amount but Not the Avidity of the Epstein-Barr Virus Capsid-Antigen-Specific Antibody Response in Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Potential biological contributers to the sex difference in multiple sclerosis progression.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- The Effect of Smoking on Long-term Gray Matter Atrophy and Clinical Disability in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Association of Latitude and Exposure to Ultraviolet B Radiation With Severity of Multiple Sclerosis: An International Registry Study.Neurology · 2022Observational
- Using personalized prognosis in the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis: A practical guide.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Predictors of progression from a first demyelinating event to clinically definite multiple sclerosis.Brain communications · 2022Article
- Genetic, Environmental and Lifestyle Determinants of Accelerated Telomere Attrition as Contributors to Risk and Severity of Multiple Sclerosis.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- Article
- Complete Epstein-Barr virus seropositivity in a large cohort of patients with early multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo investigate the associations of environmental MS risk factors with clinical and MRI measures of progression in high-risk clinically isolated syndromes (CIS) after the first demyelinating event.
methodsWe analyzed 211 CIS patients (age: 28.9±7.8 years) enrolled in the SET study, a multi-center study of high-risk CIS patients. Pre-treatment samples were analyzed for IgG antibodies against cytomegalovirus (anti-CMV), Epstein Barr virus (EBV) early nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1), viral capsid antigen (VCA), early antigen-diffuse (EA-D), 25 hydroxy-vitamin D3 and cotinine levels and HLA DRB1*1501 status. The inclusion criteria required evaluation within 4 months of the initial demyelinating event, 2 or more brain MRI lesions and the presence of two or more oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluid. All patients were treated with interferon-beta. Clinical and MRI assessments were obtained at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months.
resultsThe time to first relapse decreased and the number of relapses increased with anti-CMV IgG positivity. Smoking was associated with increased number and volume of contrast-enhancing lesions (CEL) during the 2-year period. The cumulative number of CEL and T2 lesions during the 2-year period was greater for individuals in the highest quartile of anti-EBV VCA IgG antibodies. The percent loss of brain volume was increased for those in the highest quartile of with anti-EBV VCA IgG antibodies.
conclusionsRelapses in CIS patients were associated with CMV positivity whereas anti-EBV VCA positivity was associated with progression on MRI measures, including accumulation of CEL and T2 lesions and development of brain atrophy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.