ArticleAnnals of family medicine
Clinicians' implicit ethnic/racial bias and perceptions of care among Black and Latino patients.
Article in Annals of family medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 180 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Assessing Patient-provider Interactions During the Preoperative Anesthesia Consult
Targeting Bias to Reduce Disparities in End of Life Care: Clinician Communication Behavior in Simulated Patient Encounters Study
Who cites it
180 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The prevalence of Black/African American individuals in concussion literature: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Fatherhood Matters: An Integrative Review of Fatherhood Intervention Research.The Journal of school nursing : the official publication of the National Association of School Nurses · 2020Pooled it
- Disparities in Cardiac Rehabilitation Among Individuals from Racial and Ethnic Groups and Rural Communities-A Systematic Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2019Pooled it
- Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review.BMC medical ethics · 2017Pooled it
- Implicit Racial/Ethnic Bias Among Health Care Professionals and Its Influence on Health Care Outcomes: A Systematic Review.American journal of public health · 2015Pooled it
- A Brief Online Implicit Bias Intervention for School Mental Health Clinicians.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Addressing microaggressions in racially charged patient-provider interactions: a pilot randomized trial.BMC medical education · 2020Trial
- Patient Perceptions of Telephone vs. In-Person BRCA1/BRCA2 Genetic Counseling.Journal of genetic counseling · 2016Trial
- Negative Descriptors of Patients With Sickle Cell Disease in the Electronic Health Record.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Cultural continuity: The product of socially accountable, culturally safe, and inclusive care.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2026Article
- Parental Perceptions of Access to and Utilization of Services for Autistic Children in African American Families: An Exploratory Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Implicit Bias and Recognition of Biases Among Vascular Surgeons.The Journal of surgical research · 2026Article
- Are superficial surgical site infections underrecognized in Black patients? A NSQIP database analysis.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- Patient-Perceived Physician Bias in Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS).Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Bias at the Bedside: A Comprehensive Review of Racial, Sexual, and Gender Minority Experiences and Provider Attitudes in Healthcare.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The impact of collaborative care on perceptions of treatment across racial and ethnic groups.Frontiers in health services · 2026Article
- Finding the right words: A skills-based curriculum using verbal procedures to address implicit bias in clinical encounters.Patient education and counseling · 2025Article
- Article
- Impact of Unconscious Race Bias Among Anesthesia Providers on Nonverbal Communication During the Preoperative Anesthesia Consult: A Prospective, Observational Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Advancing equity in healthcare systems: understanding implicit bias and infant mortality.BMC medical ethics · 2025Article
120 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeWe investigated whether clinicians' explicit and implicit ethnic/racial bias is related to black and Latino patients' perceptions of their care in established clinical relationships.
methodsWe administered a telephone survey to 2,908 patients, stratified by ethnicity/race, and randomly selected from the patient panels of 134 clinicians who had previously completed tests of explicit and implicit ethnic/racial bias. Patients completed the Primary Care Assessment Survey, which addressed their clinicians' interpersonal treatment, communication, trust, and contextual knowledge. We created a composite measure of patient-centered care from the 4 subscales.
resultsLevels of explicit bias were low among clinicians and unrelated to patients' perceptions. Levels of implicit bias varied among clinicians, and those with greater implicit bias were rated lower in patient-centered care by their black patients as compared with a reference group of white patients (P = .04). Latino patients gave the clinicians lower ratings than did other groups (P <.0001), and this did not depend on the clinicians' implicit bias (P = .98).
conclusionsThis is among the first studies to investigate clinicians' implicit bias and communication processes in ongoing clinical relationships. Our findings suggest that clinicians' implicit bias may jeopardize their clinical relationships with black patients, which could have negative effects on other care processes. As such, this finding supports the Institute of Medicine's suggestion that clinician bias may contribute to health disparities. Latinos' overall greater concerns about their clinicians appear to be based on aspects of care other than clinician bias.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.