ReviewJAMA neurology2013
A systematic approach to the diagnosis of suspected central nervous system lymphoma.
Review in JAMA neurology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 202 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic markers for CNS lymphoma in blood and cerebrospinal fluid: a systematic review.British journal of haematology · 2018Pooled it
- Guidelines for diagnosis, prevention and management of central nervous system involvement in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients by the Spanish Lymphoma Group (GELTAMO).Haematologica · 2017Guideline
- Clinically suspected central nervous system Richter transformation presenting with progressive psychiatric symptoms: A case report.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- Primary central nervous system T cell lymphoma involving multiple brain and spinal cord lesions with SETD2 mutation.International journal of hematology · 2026Article
- Central nervous system lymphoma and neurolymphomatosis in equids.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- Real-world challenges in primary central nervous system lymphoma: a case series.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Mapping the immune orchestra of zamtocabtagene autoleucel in primary CNS lymphoma.Haematologica · 2026Article
- Minimizing the risks of stereotactic brain biopsy in suspected central nervous system lymphoma: a retrospective database study.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2026Article
- Article
- Challenges in the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Report.Acta medica Lituanica · 2026Article
- Primary large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system mimicking inflammatory myelitis at initial presentation.Journal of clinical and experimental hematopathology : JCEH · 2025Article
- Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Case Report of the Neurological Great Mimicker.Cureus · 2025Article
- Review
- Metagenomic next-generation sequencing and chromosomal copy number variation analysis in cerebrospinal fluid for the detection of meningeal carcinomatosis.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Diagnostic Accuracy of Oligoclonal Bands for CNS Autoimmune Disorders in Acutely Ill Adults.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Diagnostic Performance of CSF Interleukin-10 in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Retrospective Study.Cureus · 2025Article
- Article
- Unveiling the Clinical and Imaging Signatures of Intravascular Lymphoma of the Central Nervous System: A Multicentric Cohort Study.Annals of neurology · 2025Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma can present a diagnostic challenge. Currently, there is no consensus regarding what presurgical evaluation is warranted or how to proceed when lesions are not surgically accessible. We conducted a review of the literature on CNS lymphoma diagnosis (1966 to October 2011) to determine whether a common diagnostic algorithm can be generated. We extracted data regarding the usefulness of brain and body imaging, serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies, ophthalmologic examination, and tissue biopsy in the diagnosis of CNS lymphoma. Contrast enhancement on imaging is highly sensitive at the time of diagnosis: 98.9% in immunocompetent lymphoma and 96.1% in human immunodeficiency virus-related CNS lymphoma. The sensitivity of CSF cytology is low (2%-32%) but increases when combined with flow cytometry. Cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase isozyme 5, β2-microglobulin, and immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangement studies have improved sensitivity over CSF cytology (58%-85%) but have only moderate specificity (85%). New techniques of proteomics and microRNA analysis have more than 95% specificity in the diagnosis of CNS lymphoma. Positive CSF cytology, vitreous biopsy, or brain/leptomeningeal biopsy remain the current standard for diagnosis. A combined stepwise systematic approach outlined here may facilitate an expeditious, comprehensive presurgical evaluation for cases of suspected CNS lymphoma.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.