Trial reportPain2013
The role of fear of movement in subacute whiplash-associated disorders grades I and II.
Trial report in Pain, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effectiveness of psychological interventions on pain, disability, and psychological symptoms in whiplash-associated disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Management of neck pain and associated disorders: A clinical practice guideline from the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury Management (OPTIMa) Collaboration.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2016Guideline
- Cognitive-behavioural treatment for subacute and chronic neck pain.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Efficacy of neck-specific exercises with and without internet-based support on psychological factors in chronic whiplash-associated disorders: secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2026Trial
- Values-based cognitive behavioural therapy for the prevention of chronic whiplash associated disorders: A randomized controlled trial.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2022Trial
- Value-based cognitive-behavioural therapy for the prevention of chronic whiplash associated disorders: protocol of a randomized controlled trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2015Trial
- Somatic Experiencing® for patients with low back pain and comorbid posttraumatic stress symptoms - a randomised controlled trial.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2020Article
- Article
- Pain-Related Fear, Disability, and the Fear-Avoidance Model of Chronic Pain.Current opinion in psychology · 2015Article
- Considerations for late stage acl rehabilitation and return to sport to limit re-injury risk and maximize athletic performance.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on byCure by fiat?2013
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Fear and avoidance of activity may play a role in fostering disability in whiplash-associated disorders (WAD). This study examined the role of fear after WAD and assessed the effectiveness of 3 treatments targeting fear. People still symptomatic from WAD grade I-II injuries approximately 3months previously (n=191) completed questionnaires (eg, Neck Disability Index [NDI]) and were randomized to 1 of the treatments: (1) informational booklet (IB) describing WAD and the importance of resuming activities, (2) IB+didactic discussions (DD) with clinicians reinforcing the booklet, and (3) IB+imaginal and direct exposure desensitization (ET) to feared activities. DD and ET participants received three 2-hour treatment sessions. Absolute improvements in NDI were in predicted direction (ET=14.7, DD=11.9, IB=9.9). ETs reported significantly less posttreatment pain severity compared with the IB (Mean=1.5 vs 2.3, P<.001, d=0.6) and DD (M=1.5 vs 2.0, P=.039, d=0.6) groups. Reduction in fear was the most important predictor of improvement in NDI (β=0.30, P<.001), followed by reductions in pain (β=0.20, P=.003) and depression (β=0.18, P=.004). The mediational analysis confirmed that fear reduction significantly mediated the effect of treatment group on outcome. Results highlight the importance of fear in individuals with subacute WAD and suggest the importance of addressing fear via exposure therapy and/or educational interventions to improve function.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.