ArticleRetrovirology2013
HIV-1 subtype distribution and its demographic determinants in newly diagnosed patients in Europe suggest highly compartmentalized epidemics.
Article in Retrovirology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed.
- Design of an immunogen containing multidimensionally conserved and immunogenic parts of the HIV proteome.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- HIV-1 subtype diversity trends in a Northern California cohort.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Differences in neutralizing antibody sensitivities and envelope characteristics indicate distinct antigenic properties of Nigerian HIV-1 subtype G and CRF02_AG.Virology journal · 2024Article
- Defective proviruses significantly impact viral transcription and immune activation in men and women with HIV-1 subtype C in rural South Africa.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- Consequences of HIV infection in the bone marrow niche.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Transmitted HIV-1 is more virulent in heterosexual individuals than men-who-have-sex-with-men.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Molecular epidemiology and HIV-1 variant evolution in Poland between 2015 and 2019.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Evolutionary Genetics ofMicroorganisms · 2021Review
- Impact of Early Pandemic Stage Mutations on Molecular Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 MJournal of chemical information and modeling · 2020Article
- Article
- Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 infection in immigrant population in northern Italy.Epidemiology and infection · 2020Article
- Prevalence of Non-B HIV-1 Subtypes in North Italy and Analysis of Transmission Clusters Based on Sequence Data Analysis.Microorganisms · 2019Article
- Analysis of HIV-1 diversity, primary drug resistance and transmission networks in Croatia.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- SNAPPy: A snakemake pipeline for scalable HIV-1 subtyping by phylogenetic pairing.Virus evolution · 2019Article
- Tracing the Impact of Public Health Interventions on HIV-1 Transmission in Portugal Using Molecular Epidemiology.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Reconstruction of the Genetic History and the Current Spread of HIV-1 Subtype A in Germany.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Characterization of a large cluster of HIV-1 A1 infections detected in Portugal and connected to several Western European countries.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Diversity and characterization of HIV-1 subtypes in the United States, 2008-2016.Annals of epidemiology · 2019Article
- HIV-1 molecular transmission clusters in nine European countries and Canada: association with demographic and clinical factors.BMC medicine · 2019Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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35 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundUnderstanding HIV-1 subtype distribution and epidemiology can assist preventive measures and clinical decisions. Sequence variation may affect antiviral drug resistance development, disease progression, evolutionary rates and transmission routes.
resultsWe investigated the subtype distribution of HIV-1 in Europe and Israel in a representative sample of patients diagnosed between 2002 and 2005 and related it to the demographic data available. 2793 PRO-RT sequences were subtyped either with the REGA Subtyping tool or by a manual procedure that included phylogenetic tree and recombination analysis. The most prevalent subtypes/CRFs in our dataset were subtype B (66.1%), followed by sub-subtype A1 (6.9%), subtype C (6.8%) and CRF02_AG (4.7%). Substantial differences in the proportion of new diagnoses with distinct subtypes were found between European countries: the lowest proportion of subtype B was found in Israel (27.9%) and Portugal (39.2%), while the highest was observed in Poland (96.2%) and Slovenia (93.6%). Other subtypes were significantly more diagnosed in immigrant populations. Subtype B was significantly more diagnosed in men than in women and in MSM > IDUs > heterosexuals. Furthermore, the subtype distribution according to continent of origin of the patients suggests they acquired their infection there or in Europe from compatriots.
conclusionsThe association of subtype with demographic parameters suggests highly compartmentalized epidemics, determined by social and behavioural characteristics of the patients.
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