ReviewFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2012
Approaches to vaccines against Orientia tsutsugamushi.
Review in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Burden of scrub typhus in north-eastern region of India: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis.The Indian journal of medical research · 2026Pooled it
- Scrub typhus ecology: a systematic review of Orientia in vectors and hosts.Parasites & vectors · 2019Pooled it
- Exploring OmpA of Orientia tsutsugamushi to design novel multi-epitope vaccine against scrub typhus: an immunoinformatics approach.Molecular diversity · 2026Article
- A humanized IFN-γ mouse model reveals skin eschar formation, enhanced susceptibility and scrub typhus pathogenesis.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Application of artificial intelligence models in the identification of severe scrub typhus.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2026Article
- Seasonal and spatial trends of rickettsioses in Sri Lanka (2009-2023): Spatio-temporal analysis and climate-linked modeling.PloS one · 2026Article
- Severe paediatric scrub typhus with complications: a case report and literature review.BMC pediatrics · 2025Review
- Persistence of scrub typhus IgM and IgG antibodies among patients from Karnataka, India.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- A New Gilliam Genotypic Variant ofMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Epidemiologic features and potential year of life lost of scrub typhus in China: A nationwide surveillance analysis (2006- 2023).PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Associations of greenhouse gases, air pollutants and dynamics of scrub typhus incidence in China: a nationwide time-series study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Analysis of outer membrane protein fromBioinformation · 2025Article
- Orientia tsutsugamushi Ank5 promotes NLRC5 cytoplasmic retention and degradation to inhibit MHC class I expression.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Orientia tsutsugamushi: An Unusual Intracellular Bacteria-Adaptation Strategies, Available Antibiotics, and Alternatives for Treatment.Current microbiology · 2024Review
- Article
- Concatenated ScaA and TSA56 Surface Antigen Sequences Reflect Genome-Scale Phylogeny ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Epidemiologic changes of a longitudinal surveillance study spanning 51 years of scrub typhus in mainland China.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Differential cellular immune responses against Orientia tsutsugamushi Karp and Gilliam strains following acute infection in mice.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Intranasal Immunization With Nanoparticles Containing anImmune network · 2023Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Scrub typhus is a severe mite-borne infection caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, an obligately intracellular bacterium closely related to Rickettsia. The disease explains a substantial proportion of acute undifferentiated febrile cases that require hospitalization in rural areas of Asia, the North of Australia, and many islands of the Pacific Ocean. Delayed antibiotic treatment is common due to the lack of effective commercially available diagnostic tests and the lack of specificity of the early clinical presentation. The systemic infection of endothelial cells that line the vasculature with Orientia can lead to many complications and fatalities. In survivors, immunity does not last long, and is poorly cross-reactive among numerous strains. In addition, chronic infections are established in an unknown number of patients. All those characteristics justify the pursuit of a prophylactic vaccine against O. tsutsugamushi; however, despite continuous efforts to develop such a vaccine since World War II, the objective has not been attained. In this review, we discuss the history of vaccine development against Orientia to provide a clear picture of the challenges that we continue to face from the perspective of animal models and the immunological challenges posed by an intracellular bacterium that normally triggers a short-lived immune response. We finish with a proposal for development of an effective and safe vaccine for scrub typhus through a new approach with a strong focus on T cell-mediated immunity, empirical testing of the immunogenicity of proteins encoded by conserved genes, and assessment of protection in relevant animal models that truly mimic human scrub typhus.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.