ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2012
Carotid atherosclerotic plaque matrix metalloproteinase-12-positive macrophage subpopulation predicts adverse outcome after endarterectomy.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plasma Protein Profile of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis and Atherosclerotic Outcomes: Meta-Analyses and Mendelian Randomization Analyses.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2021Pooled it
- Carotid plaque macrophage burden and inflammatory lipid-associated macrophage markers predict secondary major adverse cardiovascular events after endarterectomy.European heart journal · 2026Article
- Shared proteomic landscape between arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular endpoints: a Mendelian randomization and observational study integrating AlphaFold3 for structural prediction.Cardiovascular research · 2026Observational
- Causal effects of mental disorders on stroke subtypes: A proteome-wide Mendelian randomization and mediation analysis.Medicine · 2026Article
- Explainable machine learning-driven identification of heart failure biomarkers: a multi-model feature selection approach with SHAP-based interpretability.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Matrix metalloproteinase-12 in arterial diseases: context-dependent mechanisms of vascular remodeling and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Engineered immune-driven theranostics for clinical cardiology.Military Medical Research · 2025Review
- Unveiling TIMPs: A Systematic Review of Their Role as Biomarkers in Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Disease.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Macrophages in cardiovascular diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Novel Therapeutic Approaches to Prevent Atherothrombotic Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Identification of core genes associated with the anti-atherosclerotic effects of Salvianolic acid B and immune cell infiltration characteristics using bioinformatics analysis.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2022Article
- Disparate effects of MMP and TIMP modulation on coronary atherosclerosis and associated myocardial fibrosis.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Extracellular vesicle signalling in atherosclerosis.Cellular signalling · 2020Review
- Galectin-3 Identifies a Subset of Macrophages With a Potential Beneficial Role in Atherosclerosis.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2020Article
- Novel Matrix Metalloproteinase 12 Selective Radiotracers for Vascular Molecular Imaging.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2019Article
- Biodistribution of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers in Mice Atherosclerotic Model.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- MMP-12, Secreted by Pro-Inflammatory Macrophages, Targets Endoglin in Human Macrophages and Endothelial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- The Role of Monocytes and Macrophages in Human Atherosclerosis, Plaque Neoangiogenesis, and Atherothrombosis.Mediators of inflammation · 2019Review
- Markers of Basement Membrane Remodeling Are Associated With Higher Mortality in Patients With Known Atherosclerosis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2018Article
- Percutaneous Sampling of Local Biomolecule Gradients Across Coronary Artery Atherosclerotic Plaques.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMatrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) promotes atherosclerosis in animal models. MMP-12 is expressed in only a subset of foam-cell macrophages (FCMs) in human plaques. We investigated whether the prevalence of this MMP-12-expressing subpopulation is a prognostic indicator of adverse outcome in patients after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). METHODS AND
resultsSerial sections of culprit lesions from 236 patients who underwent CEA and had undergone 3 years of clinical follow-up were stained immunocytochemically for MMP-12 and for CD68, and the MMP-12/CD68 ratio was used to quantify the MMP-12-expressing subpopulation. A high MMP-12/CD68 ratio correlated with a high content of lipid and total macrophages and a low content of vascular smooth muscle cells, as well as with MMP-8 (R=0.211, P=0.001), MMP-9 (R=0.251, P<0.001), and cleaved caspase-3 (R=0.142, P=0.036) activity measured in a neighboring segment. Dual immunohistochemical examination confirmed the location of MMP-12 in a subpopulation of MMP-8- and MMP-9-positive FCMs, whereas all apoptotic FCMs were MMP-12 positive. Patients who yielded plaques within the highest quartile compared with the lowest quartile of MMP-12/CD68 ratio had a 2.4-fold (hazard ratio, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1- to 5.1-fold; adjusted P=0.027) increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular event and a 3.4-fold (3.4; 1.2- to 9.6-fold, P=0.024) increased risk for stroke.
conclusionsThe prevalence of an MMP-12-positive subset of FCMs is a prognostic marker for adverse clinical outcome after CEA.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.