ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2013
Trends and disparities in antiretroviral therapy initiation and virologic suppression among newly treatment-eligible HIV-infected individuals in North America, 2001-2009.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Abacavir Hypersensitivity Reaction Reporting Rates During a Decade of HLA-B*5701 Screening as a Risk-Mitigation Measure.Pharmacotherapy · 2019Pooled it
- Prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: Updated Guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health, and HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2014Guideline
- Trial
- HIV Transmission Risk Behavior in a Cohort of HIV-Infected Treatment-Naïve Men and Women in the United States.AIDS and behavior · 2016Trial
- Racial differences in response to antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection: an AIDS clinical trials group (ACTG) study analysis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2013Trial
- Association between U.S. state AIDS Drug Assistance Program (ADAP) features and HIV antiretroviral therapy initiation, 2001-2009.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Epigenetic age acceleration and mortality among persons with poorly controlled HIV.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Polypharmacy in HIV: Rethinking what counts and why it matters.HIV medicine · 2026Review
- Demographic and clinical characteristics of initial patients receiving amyloid-targeting treatments in the United States after regulatory approval.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- The HIV Epidemic in the United States - Epidemiological Projections and Public Economic Impact of Achieving Zero Transmission Goals.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2025Article
- Retention in care and antiretroviral therapy adherence among Medicaid beneficiaries with HIV, 2001-2015.AIDS care · 2024Article
- National Hospitalization Rates and In-Hospital Mortality Rates of HIV-Related Opportunistic Infections in the United States, 2011-2018.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
- Retention in care and antiretroviral therapy adherence among Medicaid beneficiaries with HIV, 2001-2015.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- A Latent Class Analysis of Substance Use and Longitudinal HIV RNA Patterns Among PWH in DC Cohort.AIDS and behavior · 2024Observational
- Resting state connectivity in people living with HIV before and after stopping heavy drinking.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Toward Ending the HIV Epidemic: Temporal Trends and Disparities in Early ART Initiation and Early Viral Suppression Among People Newly Entering HIV Care in the United States, 2012-2018.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Temporal Trends and Geographic Variability in the Prescription of Antiretroviral Treatments in People Living with HIV in Spain, 2004-2020.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Mortality among people who inject drugs: a prospective cohort followed over three decades in Baltimore, MD, USA.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Article
- High prevalence of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance and factors associated with time to virological failure and viral suppression in Taiwan.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2021Article
- Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
28 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSince the mid-1990s, effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens have improved in potency, tolerability, ease of use, and class diversity. We sought to examine trends in treatment initiation and resulting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) virologic suppression in North America between 2001 and 2009, and demographic and geographic disparities in these outcomes.
methodsWe analyzed data on HIV-infected individuals newly clinically eligible for ART (ie, first reported CD4+ count<350 cells/µL or AIDS-defining illness, based on treatment guidelines during the study period) from 17 North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design cohorts. Outcomes included timely ART initiation (within 6 months of eligibility) and virologic suppression (≤500 copies/mL, within 1 year). We examined time trends and considered differences by geographic location, age, sex, transmission risk, race/ethnicity, CD4+ count, and viral load, and documented psychosocial barriers to ART initiation, including non-injection drug abuse, alcohol abuse, and mental illness.
resultsAmong 10,692 HIV-infected individuals, the cumulative incidence of 6-month ART initiation increased from 51% in 2001 to 72% in 2009 (Ptrend<.001). The cumulative incidence of 1-year virologic suppression increased from 55% to 81%, and among ART initiators, from 84% to 93% (both Ptrend<.001). A greater number of psychosocial barriers were associated with decreased ART initiation, but not virologic suppression once ART was initiated. We found significant heterogeneity by state or province of residence (P<.001).
conclusionsIn the last decade, timely ART initiation and virologic suppression have greatly improved in North America concurrent with the development of better-tolerated and more potent regimens, but significant barriers to treatment uptake remain, both at the individual level and systemwide.
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