ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2013
T cells home to the thymus and control infection.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Single-cell analysis of human thymus and peripheral blood unveils the dynamics of T cell development and aging.Nature aging · 2025Article
- Features of Peripheral T Cell Remigration into the Thymus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Chronic Mycobacterium avium infection differentially affects the cytokine expression profile of three mouse strains, but has no effect on behavior.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection of thymus induces loss of function that correlates with disease severity.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2023Article
- Thymus, undernutrition, and infection: Approaching cellular and molecular interactions.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
- Chronic virus infection drives CD8 T cell-mediated thymic destruction and impaired negative selection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Thymic Microenvironment Is Modified by Malnutrition andFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Article
- Article
- Tuberculosis, the Disrupted Immune-Endocrine Response and the Potential Thymic Repercussion As a Contributing Factor to Disease Physiopathology.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2018Review
- Protein malnutrition promotes dysregulation of molecules involved in T cell migration in the thymus of mice infected with Leishmania infantum.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Systemic toxoplasma infection triggers a long-term defect in the generation and function of naive T lymphocytes.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2016Article
- The human thymus perivascular space is a functional niche for viral-specific plasma cells.Science immunology · 2016Article
- Severe Changes in Thymic Microenvironment in a Chronic Experimental Model of Paracoccidioidomycosis.PloS one · 2016Article
- A discrete population of IFN λ-expressing BDCA3hi dendritic cells is present in human thymus.Immunology and cell biology · 2015Article
- Human and Murine Clonal CD8+ T Cell Expansions Arise during Tuberculosis Because of TCR Selection.PLoS pathogens · 2015Article
- The Attenuated Live Yellow Fever Virus 17D Infects the Thymus and Induces Thymic Transcriptional Modifications of Immunomodulatory Genes in C57BL/6 and BALB/C Mice.Autoimmune diseases · 2015Article
- Immunotherapy of tuberculosis with Mycobacterium leprae Hsp65 as a DNA vaccine triggers cross-reactive antibodies against mammalian Hsp60 but not pathological autoimmunity.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2014Article
- Tolerance has its limits: how the thymus copes with infection.Trends in immunology · 2013Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The thymus is a target of multiple pathogens. How the immune system responds to thymic infection is largely unknown. Despite being considered an immune-privileged organ, we detect a mycobacteria-specific T cell response in the thymus following dissemination of Mycobacterium avium or Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This response includes proinflammatory cytokine production by mycobacteria-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, which stimulates infected cells and controls bacterial growth in the thymus. Importantly, the responding T cells are mature peripheral T cells that recirculate back to the thymus. The recruitment of these cells is associated with an increased expression of Th1 chemokines and an enrichment of CXCR3(+) mycobacteria-specific T cells in the thymus. Finally, we demonstrate it is the mature T cells that home to the thymus that most efficiently control mycobacterial infection. Although the presence of mature T cells in the thymus has been recognized for some time, to our knowledge, these data are the first to show that T cell recirculation from the periphery to the thymus is a mechanism that allows the immune system to respond to thymic infection. Maintaining a functional thymic environment is essential to maintain T cell differentiation and prevent the emergence of central tolerance to the invading pathogens.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.