ArticlePlant physiology2013
Carbon and nitrogen provisions alter the metabolic flux in developing soybean embryos.
Article in Plant physiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
- Geographical variability in morphology and nutritional composition ofFrontiers in plant science · 2026Pooled it
- From Static to Dynamic: Fluorescence Imaging Technology Advances Precise Embryo Evaluation.Small methods · 2026Review
- Oil as a Hindrance to Oat (Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Impact of Planting Date on Nutritional Composition of Faba Bean (Plant-environment interactions (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Quantitative Profiling of Metabolites, Sugars, and Lipids in Pollen Tubes by Mass Spectrometry.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Targets and strategies to design soybean seed composition traits.The plant genome · 2025Review
- Mapping carbon utilization pathways inmSystems · 2025Article
- Triacylglycerol stability limits futile cycles and inhibition of carbon capture in oil-accumulating leaves.Plant physiology · 2025Article
- Metabolic flux analysis to increase oil in seeds.Plant physiology · 2025Review
- Calcined low-grade phosphate rock fertilization enhances nitrogen fixation, yield, and grain quality in soybeans.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- FatPlants: a comprehensive information system for lipid-related genes and metabolic pathways in plants.Database : the journal of biological databases and curation · 2024Article
- Article
- SIMPEL: using stable isotopes to elucidate dynamics of context specific metabolism.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Differential metabolic reprogramming in developing soybean embryos in response to nutritional conditions and abscisic acid.Plant molecular biology · 2023Article
- Genetic mapping and functional genomics of soybean seed protein.Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement · 2023Article
- Evaluation of GC/MS-BasedMetabolites · 2023Article
- Shoot Nutrition and Flavor Variation in TwoFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Differential gene expression provides leads to environmentally regulated soybean seed protein content.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- Optimizing genomic selection in soybean: An important improvement in agricultural genomics.Heliyon · 2022Article
- Metabolic synergy in Camelina reproductive tissues for seed development.Science advances · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) seeds store significant amounts of their biomass as protein, levels of which reflect the carbon and nitrogen received by the developing embryo. The relationship between carbon and nitrogen supply during filling and seed composition was examined through a series of embryo-culturing experiments. Three distinct ratios of carbon to nitrogen supply were further explored through metabolic flux analysis. Labeling experiments utilizing [U-(13)C5]glutamine, [U-(13)C4]asparagine, and [1,2-(13)C2]glucose were performed to assess embryo metabolism under altered feeding conditions and to create corresponding flux maps. Additionally, [U-(14)C12]sucrose, [U-(14)C6]glucose, [U-(14)C5]glutamine, and [U-(14)C4]asparagine were used to monitor differences in carbon allocation. The analyses revealed that: (1) protein concentration as a percentage of total soybean embryo biomass coincided with the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio; (2) altered nitrogen supply did not dramatically impact relative amino acid or storage protein subunit profiles; and (3) glutamine supply contributed 10% to 23% of the carbon for biomass production, including 9% to 19% of carbon to fatty acid biosynthesis and 32% to 46% of carbon to amino acids. Seed metabolism accommodated different levels of protein biosynthesis while maintaining a consistent rate of dry weight accumulation. Flux through ATP-citrate lyase, combined with malic enzyme activity, contributed significantly to acetyl-coenzyme A production. These fluxes changed with plastidic pyruvate kinase to maintain a supply of pyruvate for amino and fatty acids. The flux maps were independently validated by nitrogen balancing and highlight the robustness of primary metabolism.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.