ArticleNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2013
Prior exposure to THC increases the addictive effects of nicotine in rats.
Article in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent cannabis exposure and acute nicotine effects: insights from randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intravenous nicotine studies.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Preclinical abuse potential testing using behavioral economics and drug self-administration demand-curve analysis: A strategy to improve resolution of drug stratification for regulatory control.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- The need to incorporate polysubstance use in neuropsychopharmacology research: Biological lessons and new opportunities.Addiction neuroscience · 2026Article
- Revisiting the Gateway Drug Hypothesis for Cannabis: A Secondary Analysis of a Nationwide Survey Among Community Users in Japan.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2025Article
- Neural basis of adolescent THC-induced potentiation of opioid responses later in life.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Cannabis use and associated longitudinal transitions in electronic nicotine delivery systems use among young adults in the United States.Addictive behaviors · 2025Article
- Association between cannabis use and nicotine use persistence among adolescents.Addictive behaviors · 2024Article
- Experimenter administered ΔPharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2023Article
- Nicotine Enhances Intravenous Self-administration of Cannabinoids in Adult Rats.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- A difference-in-difference approach to examining the impact of cannabis legalization on disparities in the use of cigarettes and cannabis in the United States, 2004-17.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Article
- Chronic ∆-9-tetrahydrocannabinol administration delays acquisition of schedule-induced drinking in rats and retains long-lasting effects.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- HCV cure: an appropriate moment to reduce cannabis use in people living with HIV? (ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH data).AIDS research and therapy · 2022Article
- New Insights in the Involvement of the Endocannabinoid System and Natural Cannabinoids in Nicotine Dependence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Marijuana Use and Sexual Risk Behavior Among Young Black Men Who Have Sex with Men in California.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2021Article
- Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 Regulates Drug Reward Behavior via Glutamate Decarboxylase 67 Transcription.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Pharmacokinetic, behavioral, and brain activity effects of ΔNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Changes in the Order of Cigarette and Marijuana Initiation and Associations with Cigarette Use, Nicotine Vaping, and Marijuana Use: U.S. 12th Grade Students, 2000-2019.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2020Article
- Deconstructing the neurobiology of cannabis use disorder.Nature neuroscience · 2020Review
- THC exposure during adolescence does not modify nicotine reinforcing effects and relapse in adult male mice.Psychopharmacology · 2020Article
- One Is Not Enough: Understanding and Modeling Polysubstance Use.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Although it is more common for drug abuse to progress from tobacco to cannabis, in many cases cannabis use develops before tobacco use. Epidemiological evidence indicates that prior cannabis use increases the likelihood of becoming dependent on tobacco. To determine whether this effect might be due to cannabis exposure per se, in addition to any genetic, social, or environmental factors that might contribute, we extended our series of studies on 'gateway drug' effects in animal models of drug abuse. Rats were exposed to THC, the main psychoactive constituent of cannabis, for 3 days (two intraperitoneal injections/day). Then, starting 1 week later, they were allowed to self-administer nicotine intravenously. THC exposure increased the likelihood of acquiring the nicotine self-administration response from 65% in vehicle-exposed rats to 94% in THC-exposed rats. When the price of nicotine was manipulated by increasing the response requirement, THC-exposed rats maintained higher levels of intake than vehicle-exposed rats, indicating that THC exposure increased the value of nicotine reward. These results contrast sharply with our earlier findings that prior THC exposure did not increase the likelihood of rats acquiring either heroin or cocaine self-administration, nor did it increase the reward value of these drugs. The findings obtained here suggest that a history of cannabis exposure might have lasting effects that increase the risk of becoming addicted to nicotine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.