ArticleJournal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography2013
Coronary autoregulation is abnormal in syndrome X: insights using myocardial contrast echocardiography.
Article in Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of non-invasive imaging parameters in coronary microvascular disease: a systematic review.BMC medical imaging · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- 2026 Focused Update of the Saudi Heart Association Guidelines on Best Practices in the Management of Chronic Coronary Syndromes.Journal of the Saudi Heart Association · 2026Article
- Emerging Pathway to a Precision Medicine Approach for Angina With Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries in Women.JACC. Advances · 2024Review
- A novel risk stratification model for STEMI after primary PCI: global longitudinal strain and deep neural network assisted myocardial contrast echocardiography quantitative analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Assessment and Treatment for Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction by Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- Plasma Lipidomic Patterns in Patients with Symptomatic Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction.Metabolites · 2021Article
- Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction Restored After Surgery in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Prospective Observational Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Observational
- Reduced Microvascular Blood Volume as a Driver of Coronary Microvascular Disease in Patients With Non-obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: Rationale and Design of the MICORDIS Study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Article
- Ranolazine may exert its beneficial effects by increasing myocardial adenosine levels.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2020Article
- Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction by Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography in Nonelderly Patients Referred for Computed Tomographic Coronary Angiography.Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography · 2019Article
- Microvascular Dysfunction and Clinical Outcomes.Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging · 2018Article
- Postoperative Assessment of Myocardial Function and Microcirculation in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome by Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2017Article
- The prognostic role of stress echocardiography in a contemporary population and the clinical significance of limited apical ischaemia.Echo research and practice · 2016Article
- Advanced Imaging and Diagnostic Methods in the Assessment of Suspected Ischemic Heart Disease in Women.Current cardiology reports · 2016Review
- Coronary microvascular dysfunction in women: an overview of diagnostic strategies.Expert review of cardiovascular therapy · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSyndrome X in women is thought to be caused by coronary microvascular dysfunction, the exact site of which is unknown. The aim of this study was to characterize the microvascular site of dysfunction in these patients using myocardial contrast echocardiography.
methodsWomen with exertional angina, positive test results on stress imaging, but no coronary artery disease (the study group, n = 18) and age-matched control women also with no coronary artery disease (n = 17) were enrolled. Myocardial contrast echocardiography was performed at rest and during dipyridamole-induced hyperemia. Mean microbubble velocity (β) and myocardial blood volume (A) were measured, and myocardial blood flow (A · β) was computed. In addition, plasma concentrations of eicosanoids, female sex hormones, and C-reactive protein were measured.
resultsRest β and myocardial blood flow (A · β) were higher in the study compared with the control women (1.61 ± 0.68 vs. 0.74 ± 0.44, P = .0001, and 157 ± 121 vs. 54 ± 54, P = 0.0001, respectively) despite similar heart rates and systolic blood pressures. After the administration of dipyridamole, whereas the changes in A and A · β were not significantly different between the two groups, β reserve (the ratio of stress β to rest β) was markedly lower in the study group (1.48 ± 0.62 vs. 2.78 ± 0.94, P = .0001). Blood hematocrit, eicosanoids, female sex hormones, glucose, and C-reactive protein were not different between the two groups.
conclusionsCoronary autoregulation is abnormal in patients with syndrome X (higher resting β and myocardial blood flow and lower β reserve), which suggests that the coronary resistance vessels are the site of microvascular abnormality.
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Registered trials
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