ArticleAmerican journal of obstetrics and gynecology2013
Pregnancy-induced changes in immune protection of the genital tract: defining normal.
Article in American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibiotics for amniotic-fluid colonization by Ureaplasma and/or Mycoplasma spp. to prevent preterm birth: A randomized trial.PloS one · 2018Trial
- Abrupt perturbation and delayed recovery of the vaginal ecosystem following childbirth.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Dynamic states of cervical epithelia during pregnancy and epithelial barrier disruption.iScience · 2023Article
- Life History Recorded in the Vagino-cervical Microbiome Along with Multi-omes.Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics · 2022Article
- Chest imaging in pregnant patients with COVID-19: Recommendations, justification, and optimization.Acta radiologica open · 2022Review
- Culture Supernatants of Lactobacillus gasseri and L. crispatus Inhibit Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Adhesion to HeLa Cells.Mycopathologia · 2018Article
- C-reactive protein is differentially modulated by co-existing infections, vitamin deficiencies and maternal factors in pregnant and lactating indigenous Panamanian women.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2017Article
- The impact of pregnancy on anti-HIV activity of cervicovaginal secretions.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2016Article
- Association of Depressed Mood With Herpes Simplex Virus-2 Immunoglobulin-G Levels in Pregnancy.Psychosomatic medicine · 2016Article
- Intermittent nasal carriage with Staphylococcus aureus within a menstrual cycle: Results from a prospective cohort of healthy carriers.Medicine · 2016Article
- Placental Infection With Ureaplasma species Is Associated With Histologic Chorioamnionitis and Adverse Outcomes in Moderately Preterm and Late-Preterm Infants.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Article
- Activity of Genital Tract Secretions and Synthetic Antimicrobial Peptides against Group B Streptococcus.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2015Article
- Fetal sex-based differences in maternal hormones, angiogenic factors, and immune mediators during pregnancy and the postpartum period.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2015Article
- Correlates of the molecular vaginal microbiota composition of African women.BMC infectious diseases · 2015Article
- Vaginitis in pregnancy is related to adverse perinatal outcome.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2015Article
- Immune profiling of BALB/C and C57BL/6 mice reveals a correlation between Ureaplasma parvum-Induced fetal inflammatory response syndrome-like pathology and increased placental expression of TLR2 and CD14.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2014Article
- Bacterial vaginosis in pregnant adolescents: proinflammatory cytokine and bacterial sialidase profile. Cross-sectional study.Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicinaArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveBoth the state of pregnancy as well as disruption of vaginal flora and immune mediators may increase the risk of human immunodeficiency virus-1 acquisition. The objective of this study was to define immune changes in lower genital and systemic immunity associated with normal pregnancy. STUDY
designThis prospective cohort enrolled low-risk pregnant and nonpregnant women ages 18-35 years. Pregnant women at <14 weeks and nonpregnant women in follicular phase of the menstrual cycle were included. Cervical and vaginal fluid was collected. Concentrations of immune mediators were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based methods or multiplex immunoassay. Samples were inoculated onto various culture media allowing for growth of Lactobacillus species, Gardnerella vaginalis, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus species, anaerobic gram-negative rods, Candida, Staphylococcus aureus, Ureaplasma species, and Mycoplasma hominis. Concentrations of immune mediators and vaginal colonization frequencies were compared between the pregnant and nonpregnant groups.
resultsGenital tract concentration of interleukin-1β was higher during pregnancy compared to nonpregnant participants. Serum C-reactive protein concentrations were higher in all trimesters of pregnancy. Concentrations of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor did not differ between groups. Lactobacillus was more commonly isolated from vaginal cultures of nonpregnant participants (100% vs 70.2%, P = .02). Identification of Candida, G vaginalis, M hominis, and S aureus was common and not different between groups. Ureaplasma species was isolated from >60% pregnant participants.
conclusionThe proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1β, as well as the systemic marker of inflammation, C-reactive protein, are increased during pregnancy. The impact of these proinflammatory changes during pregnancy deserves further study.
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Registered trials
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