ReviewMolecular immunology2013
Cowpox virus employs a two-pronged strategy to outflank MHCI antigen presentation.
Review in Molecular immunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structurally diverse viral inhibitors converge on a shared mechanism to stall the antigen transporter TAP.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- A Structural Atlas of TAP Inhibition by Herpesviruses and Poxviruses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The secreted protein Cowpox Virus 14 contributes to viral virulence and immune evasion by engaging Fc-gamma-receptors.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- KDEL Receptors: Pathophysiological Functions, Therapeutic Options, and Biotechnological Opportunities.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Molluscum contagiosum virus MC80 sabotages MHC-I antigen presentation by targeting tapasin for ER-associated degradation.PLoS pathogens · 2019Article
- Article
- Cutting Edge: The Aging Immune System Reveals the Biological Impact of Direct Antigen Presentation on CD8 T Cell Responses.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2017Article
- A Novel MHC-I Surface Targeted for Binding by the MCMV m06 Immunoevasin Revealed by Solution NMR.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2015Article
- Structural Conservation and Functional Diversity of the Poxvirus Immune Evasion (PIE) Domain Superfamily.Viruses · 2015Review
- A negative feedback modulator of antigen processing evolved from a frameshift in the cowpox virus genome.PLoS pathogens · 2014Article
- Know Thyself: NK-Cell Inhibitory Receptors Prompt Self-Tolerance, Education, and Viral Control.Frontiers in immunology · 2014Review
- Active vaccination with vaccinia virus A33 protects mice against lethal vaccinia and ectromelia viruses but not against cowpoxvirus; elucidation of the specific adaptive immune response.Virology journal · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Smallpox decimated humanity for thousands of years before being eradicated by vaccination, a success facilitated by the fact that humans are the only host of variola virus. In contrast, other orthopoxviruses such as cowpox virus can infect a variety of mammalian species, although its dominant reservoir appears to be rodents. This difference in host specificity suggests that cowpox may have developed promiscuous immune evasion strategies to facilitate zoonosis. Recent experiments have established that cowpox can disrupt MHCI antigen presentation during viral infection of both human and murine cells, a process enabled by two unique proteins, CPXV012 and CPXV203. While CPXV012 inhibits antigenic peptide transport from the cytosol to the ER, CPXV203 blocks MHCI trafficking to the cell surface by exploiting the KDEL-receptor recycling pathway. Our recent investigations of CPXV203 reveal that it binds a diverse array of classical and non-classical MHCI proteins with dramatically increased affinities at the lower pH of the Golgi relative to the ER, thereby providing mechanistic insight into how it works synergistically with KDEL receptors to block MHCI surface expression. The strategy used by cowpox to both limit peptide supply and disrupt trafficking of fully assembled MHCI acts as a dual-edged sword that effectively disables adaptive immune surveillance of infected cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.