ArticleDigestive diseases and sciences2013
Functional roles of TGF-β1 in intestinal epithelial cells through Smad-dependent and non-Smad pathways.
Article in Digestive diseases and sciences, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modulation of IL-1β and TGF-β1 Gene Expression in Stress-Induced Depression Rat Supplemented with Malaysian Acacia Honey.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Targeting the double-edged sword: cytokines in the pathogenesis and treatment of autoimmune diseases.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Drosophila activins adapt gut size to food intake and promote regenerative growth.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Effect of aging on the formation and growth of colonic epithelial organoids by changes in cell cycle arrest through TGF-β-Smad3 signaling.Inflammation and regeneration · 2023Article
- Mapping the epithelial-immune cell interactome upon infection in the gut and the upper airways.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2022Article
- BMP/TGF-β signaling as a modulator of neurodegeneration in ALS.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2022Article
- Article
- Fermented Rice Bran Supplementation Prevents the Development of Intestinal Fibrosis Due to DSS-Induced Inflammation in Mice.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Genetic regulation and heritability of miRNA and mRNA expression link to phosphorus utilization and gut microbiome.Open biology · 2021Article
- The Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition as a Possible Therapeutic Target in Fibrotic Disorders.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Review
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Analogue ZP1849 Augments Colonic Anastomotic Wound Healing.Gastroenterology research and practice · 2020Article
- Exogenous transforming growth factor-β1 enhances smooth muscle differentiation in embryonic mouse jejunal explants.Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2018Article
- Colon organoid formation and cryptogenesis are stimulated by growth factors secreted from myofibroblasts.PloS one · 2018Article
- Transforming Growth Factor β1/SMAD Signaling Pathway Activation Protects the Intestinal Epithelium from Clostridium difficile Toxin A-Induced Damage.Infection and immunity · 2017Article
- Sacral nerve stimulation enhances early intestinal mucosal repair following mucosal injury in a pig model.The Journal of physiology · 2016Article
- TGF-β1 improves mucosal IgA dysfunction and dysbiosis following intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion in mice.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2016Article
- Modulation of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation in vitro by Astragalus polysaccharides.PloS one · 2014Article
- Pharmacological induction of transforming growth factor-beta1 in rat models enhances radiation injury in the intestine and the heart.PloS one · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsTransforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is one of the growth factors expressed in the gut, and has been shown to play an important role in intestinal mucosal healing. We investigated the effects of TGF-β1 on the cellular functions of intestinal epithelial cells, and also evaluated its signaling pathways in these cells.
methodsWe used the rat IEC-6 intestinal epithelial cell line for these studies. The expression of TGF-β1/Smad signaling molecules was examined. We evaluated the effect of TGF-β1 on the proliferation and differentiation by the BrdU incorporation assay and real-time PCR. We manipulated the expression levels of Smad2 and Smad3 using an adenovirus system and small interfering RNA to examine the signaling pathways. The expression of Smad2 and Smad3 along the crypt-villus axis was also examined in the murine intestine.
resultsIEC-6 cells produced TGF-β1 and expressed functional TGF-β/Smad signaling molecules. The addition of TGF-β1 in the culture medium suppressed the proliferation and increased the expression of a differentiation marker of enterocytes, in a dose-dependent manner. The adenovirus-mediated and small interfering RNA-mediated studies clearly showed that the growth inhibitory effect and the promotion of differentiation were exerted through a Smad3-dependent and a Smad2-dependent pathway, respectively. IEC-6 cells exhibited upregulated expression of an inhibitory Smad (Smad7) as a form of negative feedback via a non-Smad pathway. Smad2 was predominantly expressed in villi, and Smad3 in crypts.
conclusionsTGF-β1 regulates the cellular functions of intestinal epithelial cells through both Smad-dependent and non-Smad pathways.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.