Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23303287›Full record

ArticleTobacco control2014

Availability of snus and its sale to minors in a large Minnesota city.

Kelvin Choi, Lindsey E A Fabian, Betsy Brock, Katie H Engman, Jim Jansen, Jean L Forster

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Tobacco control, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. The Kentucky SimSmoke Tobacco Control Policy Model of Smokeless Tobacco and Cigarette Use.International journal of health policy and management · 2022
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. The Effect of Tobacco Control Policies on US Smokeless Tobacco Use: A Structured Review.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Kelvin ChoiDivision of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Lindsey E A FabianDivision of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Betsy BrockAssociation for Nonsmokers-Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
Katie H EngmanAssociation for Nonsmokers-Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
Jim JansenDivision of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Jean L ForsterDivision of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

Funding

The Effects of Minnesota State and Local Programs on Young Adult Tobacco UseR01CA086191 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI FORSTER, JEAN · 2000 to 2013
$12.8M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA086191NCI NIH HHS R01 CA86191
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionPrevious studies examining tobacco retailers' compliance with youth tobacco access policies have mostly evaluated retailers' likelihood of selling cigarettes to minors, and none have evaluated the likelihood of selling snus (a new smokeless tobacco product) to minors. We assessed the availability of snus and the likelihood of selling snus to adolescents in tobacco retailers in a large city in Minnesota.

methodsWe randomly selected 71 eligible retailers located in a large city in Minnesota, and assessed the availability of snus through Camel snus retailer listings and phone inquiry. Purchase attempts by an underage buyer were used to assess the likelihood of selling snus to minors. χ2 tests were used to examine the store and neighbourhood characteristics associated with availability of snus.

resultsWe found that 31 retailers (43.7%) carried snus in the store, and 4 (12.9%) sold snus to the underage buyer. Retailers who sold gasoline were more likely to carry snus in the store (p<0.01). Neighbourhood demographic characteristics were not associated with availability of snus (p>0.10).

conclusionsPrevalence of snus sales to minors appeared to be higher than that of cigarette sales to minors according to the 2011 Synar report. Futures studies are needed to determine whether tobacco retailers are more likely to sell snus than cigarettes to minors. Interventions such as public and retailer policies are needed to reduce the likelihood of tobacco retailers selling snus to minors.

Indexed as

CommerceMinorsTobacco, SmokelessTobacco UseAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolCitiesFemaleHumansMaleMinnesotaYoung AdultNon-cigarette tobacco productsPublic policySurveillance and monitoring

Identifiers

PMID23303287
PMCPMC4039575

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.