ArticleJournal of the Royal Society, Interface2013
Critical cell wall hole size for lysis in Gram-positive bacteria.
Article in Journal of the Royal Society, Interface, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular Polymeric Substances Produced by Actinomycetes of the GenusInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- From biogenesis to host modulation: the expanding biology of oral streptococcal membrane vesicles.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Interaction of Nanoparticles with Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Microbial membrane vesicles and the intestinal epithelium: a crosstalk in health and disease.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Microbial extracellular vesicles contribute to antimicrobial resistance.PLoS pathogens · 2024Review
- High productivity of immunostimulatory membrane vesicles ofBioscience of microbiota, food and health · 2024Article
- Influences of bacterial extracellular vesicles on macrophage immune functions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Bacterial Membrane Vesicles: Physiological Roles, Infection Immunology, and Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Review
- Nanosilver: An Old Antibacterial Agent with Great Promise in the Fight against Antibiotic Resistance.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Composition and functions of bacterial membrane vesicles.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2023Review
- Influence of NaCl and pH on lysostaphin catalytic activity, cell binding, and bacteriolytic activity.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Structural and Functional Insights Into Skl and Pal Endolysins, Two Cysteine-Amidases With Anti-pneumococcal Activity. Dithiothreitol (DTT) Effect on Lytic Activity.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Group AFrontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Surfaceome and Proteosurfaceome in Parietal Monoderm Bacteria: Focus on Protein Cell-Surface Display.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Review
- Prophage-triggered membrane vesicle formation through peptidoglycan damage in Bacillus subtilis.Nature communications · 2017Article
- Ultrastructural changes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus induced by positively charged silver nanoparticles.Beilstein journal of nanotechnology · 2015Article
- Use of surface enhanced blocking (SEB) electrodes for microbial cell lysis in flow-through devices.PloS one · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gram-positive bacteria can transport molecules necessary for their survival through holes in their cell wall. The holes in cell walls need to be large enough to let critical nutrients pass through. However, the cell wall must also function to prevent the bacteria's membrane from protruding through a large hole into the environment and lysing the cell. As such, we hypothesize that there exists a range of cell wall hole sizes that allow for molecule transport but prevent membrane protrusion. Here, we develop and analyse a biophysical theory of the response of a Gram-positive cell's membrane to the formation of a hole in the cell wall. We predict a critical hole size in the range of 15-24 nm beyond which lysis occurs. To test our theory, we measured hole sizes in Streptococcus pyogenes cells undergoing enzymatic lysis via transmission electron microscopy. The measured hole sizes are in strong agreement with our theoretical prediction. Together, the theory and experiments provide a means to quantify the mechanisms of death of Gram-positive cells via enzymatically mediated lysis and provides insights into the range of cell wall hole sizes compatible with bacterial homeostasis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.