ArticleJournal of virology2013
Toll-like receptor expression and induction of type I and type III interferons in primary airway epithelial cells.
Article in Journal of virology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 142 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
142 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 213 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Clinical Efficacy of Therapy with Recombinant Human Interferon α1b in Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease with Enterovirus 71 Infection.PloS one · 2016Trial
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- Respiratory syncytial viral load drives ciliated cell dedifferentiation and suppresses antiviral immunity.Science advances · 2026Article
- Pathogenicity and immune response of turkey A(H1N2) influenza virus of swine-origin on turkeys and mice.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- Development of in vitro airway epithelial model to assess immune response and safety of mucosal adjuvants.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- TLR7-mediated inflammation drives PD-L1 upregulation and T cell exhaustion during influenza A virus infection.iScience · 2026Article
- IRF1 mediates airway epithelial innate memory through priming BRD4- EP300 activity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Influenza A virus-induced interferon-alpha production by myeloid dendritic cells and macrophages requires productive infection.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Review
- Host Immune Response to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Children.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Review
- Age Matters: Key Contributors to Interferon Toxicity in Infants During Influenza Virus Infection.Viruses · 2025Review
- A ventilated perfused lung model platform to dissect the response of the lungs to viral infection.Trends in biotechnology · 2025Article
- Mucosal Immunity: Lessons from the Lower Respiratory and Small Intestinal Epithelia.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Article
- Human long noncoding RNAJournal of virology · 2025Article
- Cytosolic nucleic acid sensing as driver of critical illness: mechanisms and advances in therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Single-cell analysis of lung epithelial cells reveals age and cell population-specific responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in ciliated cells.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Article
- Lung immune challenge study protocol: controlled exposure to inhaled resiquimod (R848) to study mechanisms of inflammation.Immunotherapy advances · 2025Article
- Revisiting the Immunometabolic Basis for the Metabolic Syndrome from an Immunonutritional View.Biomedicines · 2024Review
82 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are a critical component of the first line of antiviral defense. The activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed by dendritic cells triggers different signaling cascades that result in the production of large amounts of IFNs. However, the functional consequences of TLR activation and differential IFN production in specific cell populations other than antigen-presenting cells have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated TLR expression and polarization in airway epithelial cells (AECs) and the consequences of TLR agonist stimulation for the production of type I (IFN-α/β) and type III (IFN-λ) IFNs. Our results show that the pattern of expression and polarization of all TLRs in primary AEC cultures mirrors that of the human airways ex vivo and is receptor specific. The antiviral TLRs (TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9) are mostly expressed on the apical cell surfaces of epithelial cells in the human trachea and in primary polarized AECs. Type III IFN is the predominant IFN produced by the airway epithelium, and TLR3 is the only TLR that mediates IFN production by AECs, while all TLR agonists tested are capable of inducing AEC activation and interleukin-8 production. In response to influenza virus infection, AECs can produce IFN-λ in an IFNAR- and STAT1-independent manner. Our results emphasize the importance of using primary well-differentiated AECs to study TLR and antiviral responses and provide further insight into the regulation of IFN production during the antiviral response of the lung epithelium.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.