Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23301154›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2013

Applying Shannon's information theory to bacterial and phage genomes and metagenomes.

Sajia Akhter, Barbara A Bailey, Peter Salamon, Ramy K Aziz, Robert A Edwards

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. How Does Genetic Information Enable Life?Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Informational rescaling of PCA maps with application to genetic distance.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Information Entropy in Chemistry: An Overview.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Sajia AkhterComputational Science Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA. sakhter@sciences.sdsu.edu
Barbara A Bailey
Peter Salamon
Ramy K Aziz
Robert A Edwards

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

All sequence data contain inherent information that can be measured by Shannon's uncertainty theory. Such measurement is valuable in evaluating large data sets, such as metagenomic libraries, to prioritize their analysis and annotation, thus saving computational resources. Here, Shannon's index of complete phage and bacterial genomes was examined. The information content of a genome was found to be highly dependent on the genome length, GC content, and sequence word size. In metagenomic sequences, the amount of information correlated with the number of matches found by comparison to sequence databases. A sequence with more information (higher uncertainty) has a higher probability of being significantly similar to other sequences in the database. Measuring uncertainty may be used for rapid screening for sequences with matches in available database, prioritizing computational resources, and indicating which sequences with no known similarities are likely to be important for more detailed analysis.

Indexed as

Computing MethodologiesInformation TheoryAlgorithmsBacteriaBacteriophagesBase CompositionBase SequenceGenome, BacterialGenome, ViralGenomic LibraryMetagenomeMetagenomicsSequence Analysis, DNA

Identifiers

PMID23301154
PMCPMC3539204

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.