ArticlePloS one2013
Bioluminescent imaging and histopathologic characterization of WEEV neuroinvasion in outbred CD-1 mice.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Arboviral infections of the central nervous system: Mechanisms of invasion and long-term consequences.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Review
- Alpha-synuclein at the crossroads of host-virus interactions: immunological roles beyond the nervous system.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Physiopathology of nasal and ecnomotopic olfactory receptors: focus on molecular pathways and potential pharmacological modulation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Western equine encephalitis virus: A comprehensive review of epidemics, transmission, hosts, and strategies for mitigation.Virulence · 2025Review
- Unraveling the complexities of neurotropic virus infection and immune evasion.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Nasal microbiome in relation to olfactory dysfunction and cognitive decline in older adults.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Neuropathogenesis of Encephalitic Alphaviruses in Non-Human Primate and Mouse Models of Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- PCDH10 is a neuronal receptor for western equine encephalitis virus.Cell research · 2024Article
- Unraveling the complex interplay: immunopathology and immune evasion strategies of alphaviruses with emphasis on neurological implications.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Nasal Microbiota and Neuroinflammation: Relationship between Nasal Flora and Multiple Sclerosis Onset/Progression.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Identification of salivary gland escape barriers to western equine encephalitis virus in the natural vector, Culex tarsalis.PloS one · 2022Article
- Astrocyte inflammatory signaling mediates α-synuclein aggregation and dopaminergic neuronal loss following viral encephalitis.Experimental neurology · 2021Article
- A novel bioluminescent herpes simplex virus 1 for in vivo monitoring of herpes simplex encephalitis.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Infection and Risk of Parkinson's Disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2021Review
- Immunopathogenesis of alphaviruses.Advances in virus research · 2020Article
- Bioluminescent Ross River Virus Allows Live Monitoring of Acute and Long-Term Alphaviral Infection by In Vivo Imaging.Viruses · 2019Article
- Infection with mosquito-borne alphavirus induces selective loss of dopaminergic neurons, neuroinflammation and widespread protein aggregation.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2019Article
- Death and gastrointestinal bleeding complicate encephalomyelitis in mice with delayed appearance of CNS IgM after intranasal alphavirus infection.The Journal of general virology · 2018Article
- Susceptibility and Lethality of Western Equine Encephalitis Virus in Balb/c Mice When Infected by the Aerosol Route.Viruses · 2017Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV; Alphavirus) is a mosquito-borne virus that can cause severe encephalitis in humans and equids. Previous studies have shown that intranasal infection of outbred CD-1 mice with the WEEV McMillan (McM) strain result in high mortality within 4 days of infection. Here in vivo and ex vivo bioluminescence (BLM) imaging was applied on mice intranasally infected with a recombinant McM virus expressing firefly luciferase (FLUC) to track viral neuroinvasion by FLUC detection and determine any correlation between BLM and viral titer. Immunological markers of disease (MCP-1 and IP-10) were measured and compared to wild type virus infection. Histopathology was guided by corresponding BLM images, and showed that neuroinvasion occurred primarily through cranial nerves, mainly in the olfactory tract. Olfactory bulb neurons were initially infected with subsequent spread of the infection into different regions of the brain. WEEV distribution was confirmed by immunohistochemistry as having marked neuronal infection but very few infected glial cells. Axons displayed infection patterns consistent with viral dissemination along the neuronal axis. The trigeminal nerve served as an additional route of neuroinvasion showing significant FLUC expression within the brainstem. The recombinant virus WEEV.McM.FLUC had attenuated replication kinetics and induced a weaker immunological response than WEEV.McM but produced comparable pathologies. Immunohistochemistry staining for FLUC and WEEV antigen showed that transgene expression was present in all areas of the CNS where virus was observed. BLM provides a quantifiable measure of alphaviral neural disease progression and a method for evaluating antiviral strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.