ArticlePloS one2013
Epigenetic modifications unlock the milk protein gene loci during mouse mammary gland development and differentiation.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Layered Single-Cell Heterogeneity in Hormone Receptor Signaling Across Mouse Organoids and Human ERα+ Cancer Cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The Heterogeneity of Post-Menopausal Disease Risk: Could the Basis for Why Only Subsets of Females Are Affected Be Due to a Reversible Epigenetic Modification System Associated with Puberty, Menstrual Cycles, Pregnancy and Lactation, and, Ultimately, Menopause?International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Single-Cell Transcription Mapping of Murine and Human Mammary Organoids Responses to Female Hormones.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2024Article
- Epigenetic aging in cows is accelerated by milk production.Epigenetics · 2023Article
- Cell-specific and shared regulatory elements control a multigene locus active in mammary and salivary glands.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Dietary Fiber to Starch Ratio Affects Bovine Milk Oligosaccharide Profiles.Current developments in nutrition · 2022Article
- Article
- A Comparative Review of the Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors Regulating Lactose Synthesis.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2021Review
- Prolactin and Estradiol are Epigenetic Modulators in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells duringPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Article
- Dynamic role of the codon 72 p53 single-nucleotide polymorphism in mammary tumorigenesis in a humanized mouse model.Oncogene · 2019Article
- In silico mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) regulating the milk ionome in mice identifies a milk iron locus on chromosome 1.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2018Article
- Differentiation dynamics of mammary epithelial cells revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing.Nature communications · 2017Article
- Functional assessment of CTCF sites at cytokine-sensing mammary enhancers using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in mice.Nucleic acids research · 2017Article
- Histone H1 and Chromosomal Protein HMGN2 Regulate Prolactin-induced STAT5 Transcription Factor Recruitment and Function in Breast Cancer Cells.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2017Article
- Biological underpinnings of breastfeeding challenges: the role of genetics, diet, and environment on lactation physiology.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2016Review
- Binuclear Cells in the Lactating Mammary Gland: New Insights on an Old Concept?Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2016Review
- In-silico QTL mapping of postpubertal mammary ductal development in the mouse uncovers potential human breast cancer risk loci.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2015Article
- Epigenetic marks: regulators of livestock phenotypes and conceivable sources of missing variation in livestock improvement programs.Frontiers in genetics · 2015Review
- The STAT5-regulated miR-193b locus restrains mammary stem and progenitor cell activity and alveolar differentiation.Developmental biology · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUnlike other tissues, development and differentiation of the mammary gland occur mostly after birth. The roles of systemic hormones and local growth factors important for this development and functional differentiation are well-studied. In other tissues, it has been shown that chromatin organization plays a key role in transcriptional regulation and underlies epigenetic regulation during development and differentiation. However, the role of chromatin organization in mammary gland development and differentiation is less well-defined. Here, we have studied the changes in chromatin organization at the milk protein gene loci (casein, whey acidic protein, and others) in the mouse mammary gland before and after functional differentiation. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsDistal regulatory elements within the casein gene cluster and whey acidic protein gene region have an open chromatin organization after pubertal development, while proximal promoters only gain open-chromatin marks during pregnancy in conjunction with the major induction of their expression. In contrast, other milk protein genes, such as alpha-lactalbumin, already have an open chromatin organization in the mature virgin gland. Changes in chromatin organization in the casein gene cluster region that are present after puberty persisted after lactation has ceased, while the changes which occurred during pregnancy at the gene promoters were not maintained. In general, mammary gland expressed genes and their regulatory elements exhibit developmental stage- and tissue-specific chromatin organization. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: A progressive gain of epigenetic marks indicative of open/active chromatin on genes marking functional differentiation accompanies the development of the mammary gland. These results support a model in which a chromatin organization is established during pubertal development that is then poised to respond to the systemic hormonal signals of pregnancy and lactation to achieve the full functional capacity of the mammary gland.
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