ArticleThorax2013
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is increased in patients with COPD and induced by cigarette smoke.
Article in Thorax, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 171 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
171 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 332 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dysregulation of immune response in otitis media.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Common Genetic Polymorphisms Influence Blood Biomarker Measurements in COPD.PLoS genetics · 2016Pooled it
- A randomized controlled trial of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in large airway samples in COPD: an exploratory proof of concept study.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2014Trial
- Influence of FAM13A gene polymorphism and serum matrix metalloproteinases 9 and 12 on the phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Activation of STAT3 in the COPD airway epithelium.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Micro- and Nanoplastics and Pulmonary Health: The Current State of Research.Microplastics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease reprograms the lung into an immune organ through trained immunity, cell death networks, and immune checkpoint dysregulation.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Association between multimarkers of metabolic malnutrition and inflammation and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung function: a prospective cohort study of UK biobank.Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Article
- A next-generation system for smoke inhalation integrated with a breathing lung-on-chip to model human lung responses to cigarette exposure.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'- Heptamethoxyflavonoid inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating oxidative stress and autophagy through MEK/ERK/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- PGAM5 Modulates Macrophage Polarization, Aggravating Inflammation in COPD via the NF-κB Pathway.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Article
- Mucus and mucin: changes in the mucus barrier in disease states.Tissue barriers · 2025Review
- Pathogenic Cell in COPD: Mechanisms of Airway Remodeling, Immune Dysregulation, and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Review
- Role of Digoxin in Preventing Cigarette Smoke-Induced COPD via HIF-1α Inhibition in a Mouse Model.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Article
- Upregulation of ARHGAP18 by miR-613 Inhibits Cigarette Smoke Extract-Induced Apoptosis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Bronchial Epithelial Cells.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Article
- Smad7 ameliorate small airway remodeling in COPD by modulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Small airway disease as a key factor in COPD: new perspectives and insights.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Airway remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: characteristics and opportunities.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Air-Pollution-Mediated Microbial Dysbiosis in Health and Disease: Lung-Gut Axis and Beyond.Journal of xenobiotics · 2024Review
111 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCigarette smoking contributes to lung remodelling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). As part of remodelling, peribronchiolar fibrosis is observed in the small airways of patients with COPD and contributes to airway obstruction. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) appears to be involved in the formation of peribronchiolar fibrosis. This study examines the EMT process in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) from non-smokers, smokers and patients with COPD as well as the in vitro effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on EMT.
methodsHBECs from non-smokers (n=5), smokers (n=12) and patients with COPD (n=15) were collected to measure the mesenchymal markers α-smooth muscle actin, vimentin and collagen type I and the epithelial markers E-cadherin, ZO-1 and cytokeratin 5 and 18 by real time-PCR and protein array. In vitro differentiated bronchial epithelial cells were stimulated with CSE.
resultsMesenchymal markers were upregulated in HBECs of smokers and patients with COPD compared with non-smokers. In contrast, epithelial cell markers were downregulated. In vitro differentiated HBECs underwent EMT after 72 h of CSE exposure through the activation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, the release and autocrine action of transforming growth factor β1, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Smad3 and by the downregulation of cyclic monophosphate.
conclusionsThe EMT process is present in bronchial epithelial cells of the small bronchi of smokers and patients with COPD and is activated by cigarette smoke in vitro.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.