ArticleMolecular oncology2013
Targeted tumor therapy by epidermal growth factor appended toxin and purified saponin: an evaluation of toxicity and therapeutic potential in syngeneic tumor bearing mice.
Article in Molecular oncology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Improving Cytotoxicity of Saporin with Saponin SO1406 Isolated from the Roots of Saponaria Officinalis.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Design and synthesis of natural antibacterial derivatives for ocular tuberculosis: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- The Agonistic Activity of the Human Epidermal Growth Factor is Reduced by the D46G Substitution.Protein and peptide letters · 2024Article
- Synergistic Cytotoxicity of a Toxin Targeting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and the Glycosylated Triterpenoid SO1861 in Prostate Cancer.Journal of Cancer · 2023Article
- Enhanced cytotoxicity of aFrontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Article
- A Novel RGD-4C-Saporin Conjugate Inhibits Tumor Growth in Mouse Models of Bladder Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Advances in epidermal growth factor receptor specific immunotherapy: lessons to be learned from armed antibodies.Oncotarget · 2020Review
- Review
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- Dianthin-30 or gelonin versus monomethyl auristatin E, each configured with an anti-calcitonin receptor antibody, are differentially potent in vitro in high-grade glioma cell lines derived from glioblastoma.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2017Article
- Glycosylated Triterpenoids as Endosomal Escape Enhancers in Targeted Tumor Therapies.Biomedicines · 2017Review
- Augmenting the Efficacy of Immunotoxins and Other Targeted Protein Toxins by Endosomal Escape Enhancers.Toxins · 2016Review
- Two Trichothecene Mycotoxins from Myrothecium roridum Induce Apoptosis of HepG-2 Cells via Caspase Activation and Disruption of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016Article
- Immunotoxin Therapies for the Treatment of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Dependent Cancers.Toxins · 2016Review
- Specific Colon Cancer Cell Cytotoxicity Induced by Bacteriophage E Gene Expression under Transcriptional Control of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Promoter.International journal of molecular sciences · 2015Article
- Bifunctional fused polypeptide inhibits the growth and metastasis of breast cancer.Drug design, development and therapy · 2015Article
- Article
- Immunotoxins constructed with ribosome-inactivating proteins and their enhancers: a lethal cocktail with tumor specific efficacy.Current pharmaceutical design · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Targeted toxin-based therapeutics are hindered by poor intracellular uptake, limited stability and non-specific immune stimulation. To address these problems, ligand-targeted toxins in combination with low dose saponin mixtures have been adapted and tested in vivo in the past, however, undefined saponin raw mixtures are not suitable for use in clinical development. In the present work we therefore used a targeted toxin (Sap3-EGF, i.e. saporin fused to epidermal growth factor) in combination with a structurally defined isolated saponin m/z 1861 (SO-1861). In vitro evaluation confirmed a 6900-fold enhancement in the cytotoxic efficacy of Sap3-EGF against TSA-EGFR target cells. The required dose of the targeted toxin was appreciably reduced and there was a highly synergistic effect observed. An ex vivo hemolysis assay showed no or very less hemolysis up to 10 μg/mL of SO-1861. In the acute toxicity studies SO-1861 was found to be non-toxic up to a dose of 100 μg/treatment. The enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase did not show any statistically significant liver damage, which was further confirmed by histological examination. Additionally, creatinine was also similar to the control group thus ruling out damage to kidney. In vivo studies in a syngeneic BALB/c tumor model characterized by EGFR overexpression were done by applying 30 μg SO-1861 and 0.1 μg Sap3-EGF per treatment. A more than 90% reduction (p < 0.05) in the average tumor volume was observed by this combined therapy.
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Registered trials
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