ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2013
Follistatin antagonizes activin signaling and acts with notum to direct planarian head regeneration.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Redox-modulated ERK dynamics support wound-dependent tissue formation during early planarian regeneration.iScience · 2026Article
- Canonical WNT signalling governs Echinococcus metacestode development.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
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- Injury-induced Neuregulin-EGFR signaling from muscle mobilizes stem cells for whole-body regeneration in acoels.Developmental biology · 2025Article
- The planarian dorsal-ventral boundary regulates anterior-posterior axis growth and patterning.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Explosive cytotoxicity of 'ruptoblasts' bridges hormonal surveillance and immune defense.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Developmental onset of planarian whole-body regeneration depends on axis reset.Current biology : CB · 2025Article
- Physical Forces in Regeneration of Cells and Tissues.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2025Review
- Integrative structural analysis of NF45-NF90 heterodimers reveals architectural rearrangements and oligomerization on binding dsRNA.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Stem cells (neoblasts) and positional information jointly dominate regeneration in planarians.Heliyon · 2025Review
- Evolutionary dynamics of whole-body regeneration across planarian flatworms.Nature ecology & evolution · 2023Article
- LIM-HD transcription factors control axial patterning and specify distinct neuronal and intestinal cell identities in planarians.Open biology · 2023Article
- The known, unknown, and unknown unknowns of cell-cell communication in planarian regeneration.Zoological research · 2023Review
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- Ultrafast and long-range coordination of wound responses is essential for whole-body regeneration.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Wnt/β-catenin signalling is required for pole-specific chromatin remodeling during planarian regeneration.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Transforming growth factor-β signalling regulates protoscolex formation in theFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Intestine-enriched apolipoprotein b orthologs are required for stem cell progeny differentiation and regeneration in planarians.Nature communications · 2022Article
- The planarian wound epidermis gene equinox is required for blastema formation in regeneration.Nature communications · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Animals establish their body plans in embryogenesis, but only a few animals can recapitulate this signaling milieu for regeneration after injury. In planarians, a pluripotent stem cell population and perpetual signaling of polarity axes collaborate to direct a steady replacement of cells during homeostasis and to power robust regeneration after even severe injuries. Several studies have documented the roles of conserved signaling pathways in maintaining and resetting axial polarity in planarians, but it is unclear how planarians reestablish polarity signaling centers after injury and whether these centers serve to influence identity decisions of stem cell progeny during their differentiation. Here we find that a planarian Follistatin homolog directs regeneration of anterior identity by opposing an Activin/ActR-1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Follistatin and Notum, a Wnt inhibitor, are mutually required to reestablish an anterior signaling center that expresses both cues. Furthermore, we show that the direction of cells down particular differentiation paths requires regeneration of this anterior signaling center. Just as its amphibian counterpart in the organizer signals body plan and cell fate during embryogenesis, planarian Follistatin promotes reestablishment of anterior polarity during regeneration and influences specification of cell types in the head and beyond.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.