ArticlePediatrics2013
The burden of influenza in young children, 2004-2009.
Article in Pediatrics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 181 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2024-25 Influenza Season.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2024Guideline
- Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2022-23 Influenza Season.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2022Guideline
- Global burden of influenza-associated lower respiratory tract infections and hospitalizations among adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2019-20 Influenza Season.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2019Guideline
- Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices-United States, 2018-19 Influenza Season.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2018Guideline
- Incidence of laboratory-confirmed influenza disease among infants under 6 months of age: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2017Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Vaccine hesitancy and influenza beliefs among parents of children requiring a second dose of influenza vaccine in a season: An American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Pediatric Research in Office Settings (PROS) study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Influenza Among Young Children in Bangladesh: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes From a Randomized Clinical Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Trial
- Regional and facility-type variations in infectious diseases in childcare and early childhood education facilities in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic: A nationwide cross-sectional questionnaire survey.Global health & medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza in China (2025 edition).Infectious diseases & immunity · 2026Article
- County-Level Influenza-Attributable Emergency Department Visits and Their Spatial Correlates in the United States: Cross-Sectional Observational Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Observational
- Advancing influenza virus treatment:Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Visual analysis of the research frontiers, hotspots and development trends of immunization programs for women and children.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Antiviral Use Among Children Hospitalized With Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Illness: A Prospective, Multicenter Surveillance Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Parental reasons for non-receipt of influenza vaccination among children 6 months-17 years and changes over time, 2015-2024.Vaccine · 2025Article
- The Burden of All-Cause Mortality Following Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations: Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network, 2010-2019.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of Pregnant Women With Seasonal Influenza, A Single-Center Study.Journal of family & reproductive health · 2025Article
- Article
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo characterize the health care burden of influenza from 2004 through 2009, years when influenza vaccine recommendations were expanded to all children aged ≥6 months.
methodsPopulation-based surveillance for laboratory-confirmed influenza was performed among children aged <5 years presenting with fever and/or acute respiratory illness to inpatient and outpatient settings during 5 influenza seasons in 3 US counties. Enrolled children had nasal/throat swabs tested for influenza by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and their medical records reviewed. Rates of influenza hospitalizations per 1000 population and proportions of outpatients (emergency department and clinic) with influenza were computed.
resultsThe study population comprised 2970, 2698, and 2920 children from inpatient, emergency department, and clinic settings, respectively. The single-season influenza hospitalization rates were 0.4 to 1.0 per 1000 children aged <5 years and highest for infants <6 months. The proportion of outpatient children with influenza ranged from 10% to 25% annually. Among children hospitalized with influenza, 58% had physician-ordered influenza testing, 35% had discharge diagnoses of influenza, and 2% received antiviral medication. Among outpatients with influenza, 7% were tested for influenza, 7% were diagnosed with influenza, and <1% had antiviral treatment. Throughout the 5 study seasons, <45% of influenza-negative children ≥6 months were fully vaccinated against influenza.
conclusionsDespite expanded vaccination recommendations, many children are insufficiently vaccinated, and substantial influenza burden remains. Antiviral use was low. Future studies need to evaluate trends in use of vaccine and antiviral agents and their impact on disease burden and identify strategies to prevent influenza in young infants.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.