ArticleThe American journal of gastroenterology2013
Increased risk of pneumonia among patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Article in The American journal of gastroenterology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 209 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunosuppression as a risk factor for COVID-19: a meta-analysis.Internal medicine journal · 2021Pooled it
- ACG Clinical Guideline: Preventive Care in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.The American journal of gastroenterology · 2017Guideline
- Risk of community-acquired pneumonia with outpatient proton-pump inhibitor therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2015Pooled it
- Web-Based Video Education to Improve Uptake of Influenza Vaccination and Other Preventive Health Recommendations in Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Randomized Controlled Trial of Project PREVENT.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Trial
- Randomized Trial of Vitamin D Supplementation to Prevent Seasonal Influenza and Upper Respiratory Infection in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2019Trial
- Age at Appendectomy, Pneumonia/Influenza Risk, and The Role of Modifiable Risk-factor Profiles.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Article
- Pneumococcal Vaccine Is Associated with Improved Outcomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Insights from a Propensity-Matched Study in the United States.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Influenza vaccine uptake among patients with inflammatory bowel disease: comparable outcomes between telemedicine and in-person care.Crohn's & colitis 360 · 2026Article
- A guide to healthcare maintenance for the patient with inflammatory bowel disease.Annals of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- A 15-year population-based study on incidence and vaccination coverage in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Italy.Pediatric investigation · 2025Article
- Infliximab-Induced Organizing Pneumonia Resulting in Persistent Respiratory Impairment.ACG case reports journal · 2025Article
- Recommendations on PCV20 vaccine in adults and at-risk populations.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Review
- Comorbidities and systemic steroids drive pneumonia risk in inflammatory bowel disease: Propensity score-matched cohort study.World journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
- The gut-brain connection: Inflammatory bowel disease increases risk of acute ischemic stroke.Interventional neuroradiology : journal of peritherapeutic neuroradiology, surgical procedures and related neurosciences · 2025Article
- Disparities in Vaccination Amongst Socially Vulnerable Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2025Article
- Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with greater odds of complications following posterior lumbar fusion and further amplified for patients exposed to monoclonal antibody biologics.North American Spine Society journal · 2024Article
- Association between oral corticosteroid starting dose and the incidence of pneumonia in Japanese patients with ulcerative colitis: a nation-wide claims database study.Intestinal research · 2024Article
- Multiple adverse outcomes associated with antipsychotic use in people with dementia: population based matched cohort study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2024Article
- Review
- Differential Gene Expression Profiles Involved in the Inflammations Due to COVID-19 and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and the Investigation of Predictive Biomarkers.Biochemical genetics · 2024Article
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesPatients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be at increased risk for infections. We aimed to determine the pneumonia risk in IBD and how specific medications affect this risk.
methodsWe performed a retrospective cohort and a nested case-control study using administrative data from IMS Health Inc., LifeLink Health Plan Claims Database. Limitations to this data set include lack of clinical details to validate exposures and outcomes. In the cohort, IBD patients were matched to four individuals without IBD. Pneumonia risk was evaluated by incidence rate ratio (IRR) and adjusted Cox proportional hazards models (hazard ratio (HR)). In the nested case-control, 4,856 IBD patients with pneumonia were matched to four IBD patients without pneumonia by incidence density sampling. We used conditional logistic regression to determine the associations between medications and pneumonia.
resultsThe cohort included 50,932 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 56,403 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 1,269 with unspecified IBD; matched to 434,416 individuals without IBD. Median follow-up within the cohort was 24 months. The IBD cohort had an increased pneumonia risk when compared with non-IBD (IRR 1.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.75-1.88). In adjusted Cox analysis, pneumonia risk remained increased for the IBD vs. non-IBD cohort (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.49-1.60), with increased risk in both CD (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.62-1.80) and UC (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.34-1.48). In the nested case-control analysis, use of biologic medications (odds ratio (OR) 1.32, 95% CI 1.11-1.57), corticosteroids (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.72-2.12), thiopurines (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.00-1.27), proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.04-1.26), or narcotics (2.28, 95% CI 2.09-2.48) was independently associated with pneumonia.
conclusionsPatients with IBD are at increased risk for pneumonia. Medications such as corticosteroids and narcotics are particularly associated with pneumonia in this population. An emphasis upon primary prevention of pneumonia through vaccination and reduction of risk factors is warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.