ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2013
National trends in pharmaceutical opioid related overdose deaths compared to other substance related overdose deaths: 1999-2009.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03833648 (UControlPain App), which is not on this map. Cited by 160 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
UControlPain App (This is the Official IRB Title)
Who cites it
160 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 331 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health harms of non-medical prescription opioid use: A systematic review.Drug and alcohol review · 2022Pooled it
- Safety Issues Regarding Prescription Opioids.Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology · 2016Guideline
- Worldwide Prevalence and Trends in Unintentional Drug Overdose: A Systematic Review of the Literature.American journal of public health · 2015Pooled it
- A pilot randomized clinical trial evaluating the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral therapy adjunct to support benzodiazepine tapering among primary care patients coprescribed benzodiazepines and opioids.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2026Trial
- Assessing the comparative effectiveness of ECHO and coaching implementation strategies in a jail/provider MOUD implementation trial.Implementation science : IS · 2025Trial
- Augmenting the efficacy of benzodiazepine taper with telehealth-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders in patients using prescription opioids: A pilot randomized controlled trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2023Trial
- Adults with Comorbid Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Alcohol Use Disorder, and Opioid Use Disorder: The Effectiveness of Modified Prolonged Exposure.Journal of traumatic stress · 2018Trial
- A pilot randomized clinical trial of an intervention to reduce overdose risk behaviors among emergency department patients at risk for prescription opioid overdose.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2016Trial
- Pain volatility and prescription opioid addiction treatment outcomes in patients with chronic pain.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2015Trial
- Long-term outcomes from the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network Prescription Opioid Addiction Treatment Study.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2015Trial
- Using behavioral economics to predict opioid use during prescription opioid dependence treatment.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2015Trial
- Assessing the subjective and physiological effects of intranasally administered crushed extended-release morphine formulations with and without a sequestered naltrexone core in recreational opioid users.Pain research & managementTrial
- Chronic prescription opioid use in MS: Associations with adverse outcomes and acute medical service utilization.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Risk of Death at 1 Year Following Postpartum Opioid Exposure.American journal of perinatology · 2024Article
- Macroscopic and Microscopic Cerebral Findings in Drug and Alcohol Abusers: The Point of View of the Forensic Pathologist.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Buprenorphine use and setting type among reproductive-aged women self-reporting nonmedical prescription opioid use.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2023Article
- Opioid consumption by cancer patients in an Israeli Health Maintenance Organization from 2007-2018.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2023Article
- Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is involved in the transmission and regulation of nociception in naïve and morphine-tolerant rat nucleus accumbens.The Korean journal of pain · 2023Article
- Anhedonia modulates benzodiazepine and opioid demand among persons in treatment for opioid use disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Article
100 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPharmaceutical opioid related deaths have increased. This study aimed to place pharmaceutical opioid overdose deaths within the context of heroin, cocaine, psychostimulants, and pharmaceutical sedative hypnotics examine demographic trends, and describe common combinations of substances involved in opioid related deaths.
methodsWe reviewed deaths among 15-64 year olds in the US from 1999-2009 using death certificate data available through the CDC Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) Database. We identified International Classification of Disease-10 codes describing accidental overdose deaths, including poisonings related to stimulants, pharmaceutical drugs, and heroin. We used crude and age adjusted death rates (deaths/100,000 person years [p-y] and 95% confidence interval [CI] and multivariable Poisson regression models, yielding incident rate ratios; IRRs), for analysis.
resultsThe age adjusted death rate related to pharmaceutical opioids increased almost 4-fold from 1999 to 2009 (1.54/100,000 p-y [95% CI 1.49-1.60] to 6.05/100,000 p-y [95% CI 5.95-6.16; p<0.001). From 1999 to 2009, pharmaceutical opioids were responsible for the highest relative increase in overdose death rates (IRR 4.22, 95% CI 3.03-5.87) followed by sedative hypnotics (IRR 3.53, 95% CI 2.11-5.90). Heroin related overdose death rates increased from 2007 to 2009 (1.05/100,000 persons [95% CI 1.00-1.09] to 1.43/100,000 persons [95% CI 1.38-1.48; p<0.001). From 2005-2009 the combination of pharmaceutical opioids and benzodiazepines was the most common cause of polysubstance overdose deaths (1.27/100,000 p-y (95% CI 1.25-1.30).
conclusionStrategies, such as wider implementation of naloxone, expanded access to treatment, and development of new interventions are needed to curb the pharmaceutical opioid overdose epidemic.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.