ReviewHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2013
mRNA: From a chemical blueprint for protein production to an off-the-shelf therapeutic.
Review in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Colorectal cancer and tumor vaccines (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- Optimization of the 5' untranslated region of mRNA vaccines.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Review
- Wonder of wonders, miracle of miracles: the unprecedented speed of COVID-19 science.Physiological reviews · 2022Article
- Virus-Like Particles Are Efficient Tools for Boosting mRNA-Induced Antibodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Messenger RNA-Based Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2022Review
- Central Diabetes Insipidus Following Immunization With BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine: A Case Report.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Article
- From influenza to COVID-19: Lipid nanoparticle mRNA vaccines at the frontiers of infectious diseases.Acta biomaterialia · 2021Review
- Review the safety of Covid-19 mRNA vaccines: a review.Patient safety in surgery · 2021Review
- The Opposing Effect of Type I IFN on the T Cell Response by Non-modified mRNA-Lipoplex Vaccines Is Determined by the Route of Administration.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2020Article
- Ribonucleic Acid Engineering of Dendritic Cells for Therapeutic Vaccination: Ready 'N Able to Improve Clinical Outcome?Cancers · 2020Review
- The future is now: beyond first line systemic therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.Translational cancer research · 2019Review
- Immunotherapeutic approaches for hepatocellular carcinoma.Oncotarget · 2017Review
- mRNA capping: biological functions and applications.Nucleic acids research · 2016Review
- Particle-mediated Intravenous Delivery of Antigen mRNA Results in Strong Antigen-specific T-cell Responses Despite the Induction of Type I Interferon.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2016Article
- Current status and perspectives of immune-based therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma.World journal of gastroenterology · 2016Review
- A novel delivery platform based on Bacteriophage MS2 virus-like particles.Virus research · 2016Review
- RNA-based drugs and vaccines.Expert review of vaccines · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Two decades ago, mRNA became the focus of research in molecular medicine and was proposed as an active pharmaceutical ingredient for the therapy of cancer. In this regard, mRNA has been mainly used for ex vivo modification of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells (DCs). This vaccination strategy has proven to be safe, well tolerated and capable of inducing tumor antigen-specific immune responses. Recently, the direct application of mRNA for in situ modification of APCs, hence immunization was shown to be feasible and at least as effective as DC-based immunization in pre-clinical models. It is believed that application of mRNA as an off-the-shelf vaccine represents an important step in the development of future cancer immunotherapeutic strategies. Here, we will discuss the use of ex vivo mRNA-modified DCs and "naked mRNA" for cancer immunotherapy focusing on parameters such as the employed DC subtype, DC activation stimulus and route of immunization. In addition, we will provide an overview on the clinical trials published so far, trying to link their outcome to the aforementioned parameters.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.