ReviewCurrent opinion in immunology2013
TLR3 immunity to infection in mice and humans.
Review in Current opinion in immunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 107 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
107 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 171 citations in OpenAlex.
- TLR3 gene polymorphisms in cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Chinese journal of cancer · 2015Pooled it
- IRF7 Protects Against Severe Influenza A Infection Independently of TLR7 Recognition in Mice.Viruses · 2026Article
- Human CD21Journal of human immunity · 2026Review
- A novel two-hit murine model of viral-primed sepsis-associated acute kidney injury.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial double-stranded RNA fuels pancreatic cancer growth via RIG-I/TLR3 inflammation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Antiviral drug discovery and development: challenges and future directions.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- A case of neonatal herpes simplex virus type 2 encephalitis withFrontiers in neurology · 2026Review
- Key role of TLR3 in type I IFN expression and apoptosis induction in IBDV-infected chicken fibroblast cells.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Distinct lipid transport proteins are regulated by innate immune stimuli.Discovery immunology · 2026Article
- NINJ1 blocks HSV-1 entry into macrophages to impact viral replication and immunity.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Discovery of a small molecule TLR3 agonist adjuvant.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Notch2 signaling instructs viral and bacterial TLR responsiveness in B cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- MyD88 Contributes to TLR3-Mediated NF-κB Activation and Cytokine Production in Macrophages.Cells · 2025Article
- Article
- Involvement of nucleic acid-sensing toll-like receptors in human diseases and their controlling mechanisms.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Review
- The immunogenetic basis of severe herpes simplex infections in neonates and children: a review.Pediatric research · 2025Review
- Human DBR1 deficiency impairs stress granule-dependent PKR antiviral immunity.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Effect of the TLR9 signaling pathway on acyclovir infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 in HaCaT cells.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Review
- HSV-1 immune escapes in microglia by down-regulating GM130 to inhibit TLR3-mediated innate immune responses.Virology journal · 2024Article
47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
TLR3 is a receptor for dsRNA, which is generated during most viral infections. However, other cellular processes may also produce dsRNA and there are other receptors for dsRNA. The role of TLR3 in protective immunity to viruses has been investigated in mice and humans with genetically impaired TLR3 responses. TLR3-deficient mice responded to experimental challenge with 16 different viruses in various ways. They were susceptible to eight viruses, normally resistant to three other viruses, and their survival rates were higher than those of wild-type mice following infection with four other viruses. Conflicting results were obtained for the other virus tested. These data are difficult to understand in terms of a simple pattern based on virus structure or tissue tropism. Surprisingly, the known human patients with inborn errors of the TLR3 pathway have remained healthy or developed encephalitis in the course of natural primary infection with HSV-1. These patients display no clear susceptibility to other infections, including viral infections, such as other forms of viral encephalitis and other HSV-1 diseases in particular. This restricted susceptibility to viruses seems to result from impaired TLR3-dependent IFN-α/β production by central nervous system (CNS)-resident non-hematopoietic cells infected with HSV-1. These studies neatly illustrate the value of combining genetic studies of experimental infections in mice and natural infections in humans, to elucidate the biological function of host molecules in protective immunity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.