Trial reportImmunology2013
CD40 ligand and interferon-γ induce an antimicrobial response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human monocytes.
Trial report in Immunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Randomized trial of influence of vitamin D on the prevention and improvement of symptomatic COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Prenatal high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation has balanced effects on cord blood Th1 and Th2 responses.Nutrition journal · 2016Trial
- A STAT1/ETC/GBP1 axis represents a potential therapeutic target for noncommunicable granulomatous skin disease.Science advances · 2026Article
- IL-36γ enhanced bactericidal effects of macrophages to Mycobacterium tuberculosis via the IFN-γ/HIF-1ɑ/glycolysis pathway.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Sex as a Biological Variable in Tuberculosis Pathogenesis.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Cytotoxic granules and effector molecules from immune cells in tuberculosis: Mechanisms of host defense and therapeutic potential.Virulence · 2025Review
- Human LY9 governs CD4Science immunology · 2025Article
- Administration of a Recombinant Fusion Protein of IFN-γ and CD154 Inhibited the Infection of Chicks withVeterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Illuminating the Connection: Cutaneous Vitamin DNutrients · 2025Review
- IFN-γ induced the formation of foamy macrophages via CD40 signal to controlFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Systemic Factors Affecting Human Beta-Defensins in Oral Cavity.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Transcriptomics analysis highlights potential ways in human pathogenesis in Leishmania braziliensis infected with the viral endosymbiont LRV1.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- A comprehensive review on the impact of calcium and vitamin D insufficiency and allied metabolic disorders in females.Food science & nutrition · 2023Review
- Vitamin D as a Shield against Aging.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Host-directed therapy against tuberculosis: Concept and recent developments.Journal of biosciences · 2023Review
- Different modalities of host cell death and their impact onAmerican journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2022Review
- Genetic and hormonal mechanisms underlying sex-specific immune responses in tuberculosis.Trends in immunology · 2022Review
- Article
- Vitamin D/vitamin D receptor, autophagy, and infection.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2022Article
- Reduced vitamin D-induced cathelicidin production and killing ofFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The ability of T cells to activate antimicrobial pathways in infected macrophages is essential to host defence against many intracellular pathogens. Here, we compared the ability of two T-cell-mediated mechanisms to trigger antimicrobial responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans, CD40 activation and the release of interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Given that IFN-γ activates a vitamin D-dependent antimicrobial response, we focused on induction of the key components of this pathway. We show that activation of human monocytes via CD40 ligand (CD40L) and IFN-γ, alone, and in combination, induces the CYP27b1-hydroxylase, responsible for the conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) to the bioactive 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D), and the vitamin D receptor (VDR). The activation of the vitamin D pathway by CD40L and IFN-γ results in up-regulated expression of the antimicrobial peptides, cathelicidin and DEFB4, as well as induction of autophagy. Finally, activation of monocytes via CD40L and IFN-γ results in an antimicrobial activity against intracellular M. tuberculosis. Our data suggest that at least two parallel T-cell-mediated mechanisms, CD40L and IFN-γ, activate the vitamin D-dependent antimicrobial pathway and trigger antimicrobial activity against intracellular M. tuberculosis, thereby contributing to human host defence against intracellular infection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.