Trial reportEuropean journal of nutrition2013
Supplementation with tocotrienol-rich fraction alters the plasma levels of Apolipoprotein A-I precursor, Apolipoprotein E precursor, and C-reactive protein precursor from young and old individuals.
Trial report in European journal of nutrition, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Proteomic profiling in personalized nutrition: a systematic review and methodological frameworks of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of Nutritional Interventions on Inflammatory Markers in Haemodialysis Patients: A Systematic Review and Limited Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2018Pooled it
- Comparing the effects of vitamin E tocotrienol-rich fraction supplementation and α-tocopherol supplementation on gene expression in healthy older adults.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2019Trial
- Vitamin E tocotrienol supplementation improves lipid profiles in chronic hemodialysis patients.Vascular health and risk management · 2013Trial
- Effectiveness of Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction in Older Adults: Protocol for a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Human Nutrition Research in the Data Era: Results of 11 Reports on the Effects of a Multiple-Micronutrient-Intervention Study.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Article
- Potential Role of Tocotrienols on Non-Communicable Diseases: A Review of Current Evidence.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Metabo groups in response to micronutrient intervention: Pilot study.Food science & nutrition · 2020Article
- Comparing Palm Oil, Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction and α-Tocopherol Supplementation on the Antioxidant Levels of Older Adults.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Clinical and Vitamin Response to a Short-Term Multi-Micronutrient Intervention in Brazilian Children and Teens: From Population Data to Interindividual Responses.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2018Article
- Antioxidant Tocols as Radiation Countermeasures (Challenges to be Addressed to Use Tocols as Radiation Countermeasures in Humans).Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Biological Properties of Tocotrienols: Evidence in Human Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Review
- Regulation of Obesity and Metabolic Complications by Gamma and Delta Tocotrienols.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016Review
- Validation of a HPLC/FLD Method for Quantification of Tocotrienols in Human Plasma.International journal of analytical chemistry · 2015Article
- Natural forms of vitamin E: metabolism, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities and their role in disease prevention and therapy.Free radical biology & medicine · 2014Review
- Comparative proteomics analysis of oral cancer cell lines: identification of cancer associated proteins.Proteome science · 2014Article
- Bioavailability of tocotrienols: evidence in human studies.Nutrition & metabolism · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTocotrienol possess beneficial effects not exhibited by tocopherol. In vitro studies using animal models have suggested that these effects are caused via modulation of gene and protein expression. However, human supplementation studies using tocotrienol-rich isomers are limited. This study aims to identify plasma proteins that changed in expression following tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) supplementation within two different age groups.
methodsSubjects were divided into two age groups-32 ± 2 (young) and 52 ± 2 (old) years old. Four subjects from each group were assigned with TRF (78% tocotrienol and 22% tocopherol, 150 mg/day) or placebo capsules for 6 months. Fasting plasma were obtained at 0, 3, and 6 months. Plasma tocopherol and tocotrienol levels were determined. Plasma proteome was resolved by 2DE, and differentially expressed proteins identified by MS. The expressions of three proteins were validated by Western blotting.
resultsSix months of TRF supplementation significantly increased plasma levels of tocopherols and tocotrienols. Proteins identified as being differentially expressed were related to cholesterol homeostasis, acute-phase response, protease inhibitor, and immune response. The expressions of Apolipoprotein A-I precursor, Apolipoprotein E precursor, and C-reactive protein precursor were validated. The old groups showed more proteins changing in expression.
conclusionsTRF appears to not only affect plasma levels of tocopherols and tocotrienols, but also the levels of plasma proteins. The identity of these proteins may provide insights into how TRF exerts its beneficial effects. They may also be potentially developed into biomarkers for the study of the effects and effectiveness of TRF supplementation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.