ArticleThe EMBO journal1990
Two distinct estrogen-regulated promoters generate transcripts encoding the two functionally different human progesterone receptor forms A and B.
Article in The EMBO journal, 1990. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02651844 (Mifepristone Treatment for Breast Cancer Patients Expressing Levels of Progesterone Receptor Isoform A), which is not on this map. Cited by 416 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Mifepristone Treatment for Breast Cancer Patients Expressing Levels of Progesterone Receptor Isoform A (PRA) Higher Than Those of Isoform B (PRB): Neoadjuvant Therapy.
Who cites it
416 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,543 citations in OpenAlex.
- Progesterone Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Risk.Endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Prognostic role of hormone receptors in endometrial cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of surgical oncology · 2015Pooled it
- The Role of Mifepristone in Meningiomas Management: A Systematic Review of the Literature.BioMed research international · 2015Pooled it
- Analyze association of the progesterone receptor gene polymorphism PROGINS with ovarian cancer risk.Molecular biology reports · 2013Pooled it
- Association of +331G/A PgR polymorphism with susceptibility to female reproductive cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis.PloS one · 2013Pooled it
- Primate-specific melanoma antigen-A11 regulates isoform-specific human progesterone receptor-B transactivation.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2012Trial
- Altered Progesterone Receptor Isoform Expression in Endometrial Cells: A Preliminary Immunohistochemical Study in Endometriosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Transcription factors as essential regulators of myometrial smooth muscle cell function during pregnancy and labor.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- Role of DCAF8 in Mammary Ductal Elongation and Branching Morphogenesis.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2026Article
- ChIP happens: from biochemical origins to the modern omics toolbox for understanding steroid hormone receptors.The Biochemical journal · 2026Review
- Progesterone signaling in cardio-renal physiology and pathophysiology.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Sex differences in innate immune cell responses: Impact on cancer immunity and response to therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- TGFBR2 coordinates the endometrial response to estrogen, regulating endometrial hyperplasia and fertility.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Activity Changes of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary Hormonal Axis in Peripubertal Female Rats.Development & reproduction · 2025Article
- Estrogen modulates reward prediction errors and reinforcement learning.Nature neuroscience · 2025Article
- Split Decisions in Hormone Signaling: Distinct Roles for Progesterone Receptor Isoforms in Breast Cancer Biology.Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Progesterone receptor isoform modulation via enhancer activation regulates progesterone signaling in endometrial stromal cells.F&S science · 2025Article
- Article
- Determining the Molecular Shape of Progesterone: Insights from Laser Ablation Rotational Spectroscopy.The journal of physical chemistry letters · 2025Article
- Prospects for potential therapy targeting immune‑associated factors in endometriosis (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
356 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The human progesterone receptor (hPR) cDNA, synthesized from T47D breast cancer cells, and the hPR gene 5'-flanking region were cloned and sequenced. Comparison of the cDNA-deduced amino acid sequence with other PR homologues demonstrated the modular structure characteristic of nuclear receptors. As in the case of the chicken homologue, there are two hPR forms, A and B, which originate from translational initiation at AUG2 (codon 165) and AUG1, respectively. Northern blot analysis of T47D mRNA using various cDNA derived probes identified two classes of hPR mRNAs, one of which could code for hPR form B, while the other one lacked the 5' region upstream of AUG1. S1 nuclease mapping and primer extension analyses confirmed that the second class of hPR transcripts are initiated between +737 and +842 and thus encode hPR form A, but not form B. By using the hPR gene 5'-flanking sequences as promoter region in chimeric genes, we show that a functional promoter (located between -711 and +31) directs initiation of hPR mRNAs from the authentic start sites located at +1 and +15. Most importantly, initiation of transcription from chimeric genes demonstrated the existence of a second promoter located between +464 and +1105. Transient co-transfection experiments with vectors expressing the human estrogen receptor showed that both promoters were estrogen inducible, although no classical estrogen responsive element was detected in the corresponding sequences. When transiently expressed, the two hPR forms similarly activated transcription from reporter genes containing a single palindromic progestin responsive element (PRE), while form B was more efficient at activating the PRE of the mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat. Transcription from the ovalbumin promoter, however, was induced by hPR form A, but not by form B.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.