ReviewClinical and experimental immunology2013
Immune mechanisms and the impact of the disrupted lung microbiome in chronic bacterial lung infection and bronchiectasis.
Review in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Aging and lung diseases: Unraveling mechanisms and therapeutic targets.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2025Review
- Lung microbiome dynamics in health and lung cancer.Microbial genomics · 2025Review
- Longitudinal analysis of lung microbiome, immune response, and metabolism in ventilator-associated pneumonia: a cohort study.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Article
- Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infection in Bronchiectasis: A Narrative Review of Current Status and Future.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Association between allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps, chronic sinusitis and chronic respiratory diseases: a mendelian randomization study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- The role of T-helper and T regulatory cells in driving neutrophilic and eosinophilic inflammation in bronchiectasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Delayed systemic arterial-pulmonary arterial shunt simulating pulmonary embolism: An unusual case.Radiology case reports · 2024Article
- Lung microbiome: new insights into the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
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- Airway microbiome-immune crosstalk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Airway Bacteria Quantification Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Combined with Neutrophil and Eosinophil Counts Identifies Distinct COPD Endotypes.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Microbiomes other than the gut: inflammaging and age-related diseases.Seminars in immunopathology · 2020Review
- The Open Challenge ofFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Review
- The Interplay Between Respiratory Microbiota and Innate Immunity in Flavor E-Cigarette Vaping Induced Lung Dysfunction.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- Primary immunodeficiency-related bronchiectasis in adults: comparison with bronchiectasis of other etiologies in a French reference center.Respiratory research · 2019Article
- Brazilian consensus on non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia · 2019Article
- Respiratory manifestations in LPS-responsive beige-like anchor (LRBA) protein-deficient patients.European journal of pediatrics · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Recent studies analysing immunogenetics and immune mechanisms controlling susceptibility to chronic bacterial infection in bronchiectasis implicate dysregulated immunity in conjunction with chronic bacterial infection. Bronchiectasis is a structural pathological end-point with many causes and disease associations. In about half of cases it is termed idiopathic, because it is of unknown aetiology. Bronchiectasis is proposed to result from a 'vicious cycle' of chronic bacterial infection and dysregulated inflammation. Paradoxically, both immune deficiency and excess immunity, either in the form of autoimmunity or excessive inflammatory activation, can predispose to disease. It appears to be a part of the spectrum of inflammatory, autoimmune and atopic conditions that have increased in prevalence through the 20th century, attributed variously to the hygiene hypothesis or the 'missing microbiota'. Immunogenetic studies showing a strong association with human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-Cw*03 and HLA-C group 1 homozygosity and combinational analysis of HLA-C and killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) genes suggests a shift towards activation of natural killer (NK) cells leading to lung damage. The association with HLA-DR1, DQ5 implicates a role for CD4 T cells, possibly operating through influence on susceptibility to specific pathogens. We hypothesize that disruption of the lung microbial ecosystem, by infection, inflammation and/or antibiotic therapy, creates a disturbed, simplified, microbial community ('disrupted microbiota') with downstream consequences for immune function. These events, acting with excessive NK cell activation, create a highly inflammatory lung environment that, in turn, permits the further establishment and maintenance of chronic infection dominated by microbial pathogens. This review discusses the implication of these concepts for the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.