SynthesisPloS one2012
Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and stroke mortality: a systematic review with meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 149 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Associations of Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load with Cardiovascular Disease: Updated Evidence from Meta-analysis and Cohort Studies.Current cardiology reports · 2022Pooled it
- Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) Guidelines for Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases 2017.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2018Guideline
- Can pulses play a role in improving cardiometabolic health? Evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2017Pooled it
- How dietary evidence for the prevention and treatment of CVD is translated into practice in those with or at high risk of CVD: a systematic review.Public health nutrition · 2017Pooled it
- Relation of dietary glycemic load with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke: a cohort study in Greece and a meta-analysis.European journal of nutrition · 2015Pooled it
- The combined effect of gluten addition and semolina cell wall integrity reduces the oral sugar release and the insulinemic response to bread in healthy volunteers.European journal of nutrition · 2024Trial
- Noodles Made from High Amylose Wheat Flour Attenuate Postprandial Glycaemia in Healthy Adults.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Potato consumption and the risk of overall and cause specific mortality in the NIH-AARP study.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Acute effect of equicaloric meals varying in glycemic index and glycemic load on arterial stiffness and glycemia in healthy adults: a randomized crossover trial.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2019Trial
- A high dietary glycemic index increases total mortality in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk.PloS one · 2014Trial
- Development and validation of a machine learning-based model for assessing coronary artery disease risk in postmenopausal women: a dual-center retrospective study.Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2026Article
- Higher Dietary Insulinemic Potential, and Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG)-BMI Index may Contribute to Coronary Artery Disease Severity: a Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2025Article
- Back to the pre-industrial age? FAOSTAT statistics of food supply reveal radical dietary changes accompanied by declining body height, rising obesity rates, and declining phenotypic IQ in affluent Western countries.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Food processing according to the NOVA classification is not associated with glycemic index and glycemic load: results from an analysis of 1995 food items.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
- Investigating the physicochemical characteristics and importance of insoluble dietary fiber extracted from legumes: An in-depth study on its biological functions.Food chemistry: X · 2024Review
- Dietary management of dyslipidemia.Indian heart journal · 2024Review
- Effect ofCurrent developments in nutrition · 2024Article
- A low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet leads to unfavorable changes in blood lipid profiles compared to carbohydrate-rich diets with different glycemic indices in recreationally active men.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Risk of Overweight or Obesity in Chinese Adults: Chinese Food Consumption Survey 2017-2020.Nutrients · 2023Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe relationship between dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and stroke-related mortality is inconsistent.
methodsWe systematically searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Science Citation Index Expanded databases using glycemic index, glycemic load, and cardiovascular disease and reference lists of retrieved articles up to April 30, 2012. We included prospective studies with glycemic index and glycemic load as the exposure and incidence of fatal and nonfatal CHD, stroke, and stroke-related mortality as the outcome variable. Pooled relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random-effects models.
resultsFifteen prospective studies with a total of 438,073 participants and 9,424 CHD cases, 2,123 stroke cases, and 342 deaths from stroke were included in the meta-analysis. Gender significantly modified the effects of glycemic index and glycemic load on CHD risk, and high glycemic load level was associated with higher risk of CHD in women (RR=1.49, 95%CI 1.27-1.73), but not in men (RR=1.08, 95%CI 0.91-1.27). Stratified meta-analysis by body mass index indicated that among overweight and obese subjects, dietary glycemic load level were associated with increased risk of CHD (RR=1.49, 95%CI 1.27-1.76; P for interaction=0.003). Higher dietary glycemic load, but not glycemic index, was positively associated with stroke (RR=1.19, 95% CI 1.00-1.43). There is a linear dose-response relationship between dietary glycemic load and increased risk of CHD, with pooled RR of 1.05 (95%CI 1.02-1.08) per 50-unit increment in glycemic load level.
conclusionHigh dietary glycemic load is associated with a higher risk of CHD and stroke, and there is a linear dose-response relationship between glycemic load and CHD risk. Dietary glycemic index is slightly associated with risk of CHD, but not with stroke and stroke-related death. Further studies are needed to verify the effects of gender and body weight on cardiovascular diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.